Stress-induced hyperglycemia.

[1]  J. Yudkin,et al.  Determinants and importance of stress hyperglycaemia in non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction. , 1986, British medical journal.

[2]  P. Choban,et al.  Hypoenergetic nutrition support in hospitalized obese patients: a simplified method for clinical application. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[3]  D. Wilmore,et al.  Epinephrine acutely mediates skeletal muscle insulin resistance. , 1983, Surgery.

[4]  J. Watters,et al.  Hyperglycemia after trauma increases with age. , 1989, The Journal of trauma.

[5]  B. Zinman,et al.  Hormonal and metabolic responses during coronary artery bypass surgery: role of infused glucose. , 1989, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[6]  G. Murray,et al.  Is hyperglycaemia an independent predictor of poor outcome after acute stroke? Results of a long term follow up study , 1997, BMJ.

[7]  P. Southorn,et al.  Intensive-care unit experience in the Mayo liver transplantation program: the first 100 cases. , 1989, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[8]  I. Davies,et al.  Stress hormone and blood glucose response following acute stroke in the elderly. , 1991, Stroke.

[9]  O. McGuinness,et al.  Impact of chronic stress hormone infusion on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in the conscious dog. , 1993, The American journal of physiology.

[10]  J. Watters,et al.  Aging exaggerates the blood glucose response to total parenteral nutrition. , 1996, Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie.

[11]  H. Yki-Järvinen,et al.  Mechanisms of insulin resistance during acute endotoxemia. , 1994, Endocrinology.

[12]  D. Frankenfield,et al.  Correlation between measured energy expenditure and clinically obtained variables in trauma and sepsis patients. , 1994, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[13]  L. Poretsky,et al.  Effects of an Intervention by a Diabetes Team in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes , 1997, Diabetes Care.

[14]  C. Lang,et al.  ENDOTOXIN‐INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN INSULIN‐STIMULATED PHOSPHORYLATION OF INSULIN RECEPTOR, IRS‐1, AND MAP KINASE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE , 1996, Shock.

[15]  L. Opie,et al.  Effects of glucose and fatty acids on myocardial ischaemia and arrhythmias , 1994, The Lancet.

[16]  K. Alberti,et al.  Glucose potassium insulin infusions in the treatment of acute stroke patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia: the Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST). , 1999, Stroke.

[17]  K. Alberti,et al.  Regulation of glucose metabolism by norepinephrine in conscious dogs. , 1991, The American journal of physiology.

[18]  A. Imrich,et al.  Immunologic effects of acute hyperglycemia in nondiabetic rats. , 1997, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[19]  C. Witzleben,et al.  Total parenteral nutrition. , 1971, The Journal of pediatrics.

[20]  A. Chiaretti,et al.  Prognostic implications of hyperglycaemia in paediatric head injury , 1998, Child's Nervous System.

[21]  R. Sherwin,et al.  Synergistic interactions among antiinsulin hormones in the pathogenesis of stress hyperglycemia in humans. , 1981, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.

[22]  R. Sherwin,et al.  Effect of epinephrine on glucose metabolism in humans: contribution of the liver. , 1984, The American journal of physiology.

[23]  J O Hill,et al.  Acute hyperglycemia enhances proteolysis in normal man. , 1993, The American journal of physiology.

[24]  G. Grunkemeier,et al.  Continuous intravenous insulin infusion reduces the incidence of deep sternal wound infection in diabetic patients after cardiac surgical procedures. , 1999, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[25]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Pyruvate dehydrogenase inactivity is not responsible for sepsis-induced insulin resistance. , 1996, Critical care medicine.

[26]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Role of insulin and glucagon in the response of glucose and alanine kinetics in burn-injured patients. , 1986, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[27]  G. Blackburn,et al.  Resting energy expenditure in the critically ill: Estimations versus measurement , 1988, The British journal of surgery.

[28]  J. Pomposelli,et al.  Is total parenteral nutrition immunosuppressive? , 1994, New horizons.

[29]  F. Dominici,et al.  Alterations in the early steps of the insulin-signaling system in skeletal muscle of GH-transgenic mice. , 1999, The American journal of physiology.

[30]  K. Malmberg Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus , 1997, BMJ.

[31]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Bed-rest-induced insulin resistance occurs primarily in muscle. , 1988, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[32]  B. Spiegelman,et al.  Tumor Necrosis Factor α: A Key Component of the Obesity-Diabetes Link , 1994, Diabetes.

[33]  E. Abel,et al.  The contribution of defects in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: Cellular and molecular aspects , 2000 .

[34]  B A Mizock,et al.  Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism during stress: a review of the literature. , 1995, The American journal of medicine.

[35]  M. Lange,et al.  The relationship of insulin production to glucose metabolism in severe sepsis. , 1985, Archives of surgery.

[36]  D. Porte,et al.  Stress hyperglycemia and the adrenergic regulation of pancreatic hormones in hypoxia. , 1980, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[37]  M. Beach,et al.  Insulin infusion improves neutrophil function in diabetic cardiac surgery patients. , 1999, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[38]  J. S. Elmendorf,et al.  Growth hormone-induced insulin resistance: role of the insulin receptor, IRS-1, GLUT-1, and GLUT-4. , 1997, The American journal of physiology.

[39]  F. Giorgino,et al.  Glucocorticoid regulation of insulin receptor and substrate IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle in vivo. , 1993, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[40]  O. McGuinness,et al.  Impact of acute epinephrine removal on hepatic glucose metabolism during stress hormone infusion. , 1999, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[41]  M. Jeevanandam,et al.  Glucose turnover, oxidation, and indices of recycling in severely traumatized patients. , 1990, The Journal of trauma.

[42]  D. Frankenfield,et al.  Age-related differences in the metabolic response to injury. , 2000, The Journal of trauma.

[43]  R. Dempsey,et al.  Relationship between admission hyperglycemia and neurologic outcome of severely brain-injured patients. , 1989 .

[44]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Isotopic evaluation of the metabolism of pyruvate and related substrates in normal adult volunteers and severely burned children: effect of dichloroacetate and glucose infusion. , 1991, Surgery.

[45]  D. Matthews,et al.  Role of counterregulatory hormones in the catabolic response to stress. , 1984, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[46]  B. Bistrian,et al.  Evaluation of a practical technique for determining insulin requirements in diabetic patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. , 1993, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[47]  Malhotra Sk,et al.  Advances in structural biology , 1991 .

[48]  F. Xu,et al.  Evaluation of glucose metabolic disorder: insulin resistance and insulin receptors in critically ill children. , 1996, Chinese medical journal.

[49]  M. Mcmahon,et al.  Peritoneal dialysis for acute renal failure: Overfeeding resulting from dextrose absorbed during dialysis , 1990, Critical care medicine.

[50]  S. Y. Yang,et al.  Clinical significance of admission hyperglycemia and factors related to it in patients with acute severe head injury. , 1995, Surgical neurology.

[51]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Differentiation between septic and postburn insulin resistance. , 1989, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[52]  M. Davidson,et al.  Dexamethasone-induced impairment in skeletal muscle glucose transport is not reversed by inhibition of free fatty acid oxidation. , 1996, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[53]  R. A. Forse,et al.  Hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition: Effectiveness in prevention of hyperglycemia and infectious complications—A randomized clinical trial , 2000, Critical care medicine.

[54]  K. Alberti,et al.  Regulation of lipolysis and ketogenesis by norepinephrine in conscious dogs. , 1991, The American journal of physiology.

[55]  J. Pomposelli,et al.  Early postoperative glucose control predicts nosocomial infection rate in diabetic patients. , 1998, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[56]  R. Fietsam,et al.  Complications of coronary artery surgery in diabetic patients. , 1991, The American surgeon.

[57]  J Herlitz,et al.  Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[58]  J. F. Henning,et al.  Patterns and problems of adult total parenteral nutrition use in US academic medical centers. , 1998, Archives of surgery.

[59]  F. Brancati,et al.  Perioperative glycemic control and the risk of infectious complications in a cohort of adults with diabetes. , 1999, Diabetes care.

[60]  D. James,et al.  In vivo glucose metabolism in individual tissues of the rat. Interaction between epinephrine and insulin. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[61]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Herman Award Lecture, 1996: relation of metabolic studies to clinical nutrition--the example of burn injury. , 1996, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[62]  A. Demchuk,et al.  Serum glucose level and diabetes predict tissue plasminogen activator-related intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. , 1999, Stroke.

[63]  J. Mirtallo,et al.  Hyperglycemia associated with high, continuous infusion rates of total parenteral nutrition dextrose. , 1996, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[64]  L. Khaodhiar,et al.  Perioperative hyperglycemia, infection or risk? , 1999, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[65]  L. Heinemann,et al.  Simulated postaggression metabolism in healthy subjects: metabolic changes and insulin resistance. , 1998, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[66]  D L Rothman,et al.  Effects of free fatty acids on glucose transport and IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. , 1999, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[67]  J. Woo,et al.  The influence of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on immediate and 3-month morbidity and mortality after acute stroke. , 1990, Archives of neurology.

[68]  M. Muscaritoli,et al.  Clinical and metabolic effects of different parenteral nutrition regimens in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. , 1998, Transplantation.

[69]  J. Hiatt,et al.  Relationship of hyperglycemia and severity of illness to neurologic outcome in head injury patients. , 1994, The American surgeon.

[70]  G. Grunkemeier,et al.  Glucose control lowers the risk of wound infection in diabetics after open heart operations. , 1997, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[71]  G. Dimitriadis,et al.  Effects of glucocorticoid excess on the sensitivity of glucose transport and metabolism to insulin in rat skeletal muscle. , 1997, The Biochemical journal.

[72]  L. Nelson,et al.  Predictors of total parenteral nutrition-induced lipogenesis. , 1994, Chest.

[73]  T. Vary SEPSIS‐INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX ACTIVITY IN RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE: EFFECTS ON PLASMA LACTATE , 1996, Shock.