Impact of a Short-Term, Moderate Intensity, Lower Volume Circuit Resistance Training Programme on Metabolic Risk Factors in Overweight/Obese Type 2 Diabetics

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week, low frequency, hospital-based resistance training programme on metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Participants were self-selected into either an 8-week resistance training programme or a control group. Anthropometric indices, fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL lipoproteins, triglycerides, fasting insulin, and insulin sensitivity were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks later. Six participants were recruited (age 53 ± 9 years; BMI 32 ± 3 kg·m−2), and a further six participants acted as controls (age 55 ± 9 years; BMI 31 ± 3 kg·m−2). After training, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly reduced, with no associated changes in the control group. Metabolic risk factors remained unchanged following training (P > 0.05). We concluded that an 8-week, low frequency, resistance training programme reduced abdominal fat content but had little impact on metabolic risk factor modification in type 2 diabetics.

[1]  D. Giugliano,et al.  Effects of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on the Need for Antihyperglycemic Drug Therapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial , 2010 .

[2]  S. Fraser,et al.  Resistance training improves metabolic health in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. , 2009, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[3]  E. Beller,et al.  Determinants of changes in blood glucose response to short-term exercise training in patients with Type 2 diabetes. , 2008, Clinical science.

[4]  K. Goel,et al.  Effect of Supervised Progressive Resistance-Exercise Training Protocol on Insulin Sensitivity, Glycemia, Lipids, and Body Composition in Asian Indians With Type 2 Diabetes , 2008, Diabetes Care.

[5]  L. C. V. van Loon,et al.  Exercise: the brittle cornerstone of type 2 diabetes treatment , 2008, Diabetologia.

[6]  Will G. Hopkins,et al.  Effects of Different Modes of Exercise Training on Glucose Control and Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: a Meta-Analysis , 2007, Diabetes Care.

[7]  J. Layne,et al.  Strength training improves muscle quality and insulin sensitivity in Hispanic older adults with type 2 diabetes , 2006, International journal of medical sciences.

[8]  Glen P. Kenny,et al.  Physical Activity/Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes , 2006, Diabetes Care.

[9]  A. Newman,et al.  Decreased Muscle Strength and Quality in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes , 2006, Diabetes.

[10]  M. Izquierdo,et al.  Twice-weekly progressive resistance training decreases abdominal fat and improves insulin sensitivity in older men with type 2 diabetes. , 2005, Diabetes care.

[11]  S. Tokmakidis,et al.  The effects of a combined strength and aerobic exercise program on glucose control and insulin action in women with type 2 diabetes , 2004, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[12]  G. Leese,et al.  Barriers to physical activity in patients with diabetes , 2004, Postgraduate Medical Journal.

[13]  Maria A. Fiatarone Singh,et al.  Battling insulin resistance in elderly obese people with type 2 diabetes: bring on the heavy weights. , 2003, Diabetes care.

[14]  E. Eldrup,et al.  Circulating levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6-relation to truncal fat mass and muscle mass in healthy elderly individuals and in patients with type-2 diabetes , 2003, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.

[15]  Steven B Heymsfield,et al.  Comparisons of waist circumferences measured at 4 sites. , 2003, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[16]  C. Castaneda,et al.  A randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training to improve glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes. , 2002, Diabetes care.

[17]  J. Shaw,et al.  High-intensity resistance training improves glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes. , 2002, Diabetes care.

[18]  B. Franklin,et al.  Resistance Training for Health and Rehabilitation , 2001 .

[19]  R. Holman,et al.  UKPDS: what was the question? , 1999, The Lancet.

[20]  T. Ishii,et al.  Resistance Training Improves Insulin Sensitivity in NIDDM Subjects Without Altering Maximal Oxygen Uptake , 1998, Diabetes Care.

[21]  D. Dunstan,et al.  Effects of a short-term circuit weight training program on glycaemic control in NIDDM. , 1998, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[22]  J. Eriksson,et al.  Resistance training in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1997, International journal of sports medicine.

[23]  A. Bigard,et al.  Mobilization of Visceral Adipose Tissue Related to the Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity in Response to Physical Training in NIDDM: Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplements , 1997, Diabetes Care.

[24]  C. Cobelli,et al.  Resistance exercise and growth hormone administration in older men: effects on insulin sensitivity and secretion during a stable-label intravenous glucose tolerance test. , 1996, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[25]  R. Lehmann,et al.  Loss of abdominal fat and improvement of the cardiovascular risk profile by regular moderate exercise training in patients with NIDDM , 1995, Diabetologia.

[26]  C. Cabral,et al.  Activation energy for CoSi and CoSi2 formation measured during rapid thermal annealing , 1995 .

[27]  J. P. Miller,et al.  Effects of strength training on total and regional body composition in older men. , 1994, Journal of applied physiology.

[28]  N. C. Sharp,et al.  Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription , 1993 .

[29]  M. Staten,et al.  Insulin Resistance in Aging Is Related to Abdominal Obesity , 1993, Diabetes.

[30]  A Tremblay,et al.  Visceral Obesity in Men: Associations With Glucose Tolerance, Plasma Insulin, and Lipoprotein Levels , 1992, Diabetes.

[31]  R. Paffenbarger,et al.  Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[32]  Ge Tancred,et al.  Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription , 1991 .

[33]  L. Epstein,et al.  Exercise in a behavioural weight control programme for obese patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes , 1988, Diabetologia.

[34]  R. Holman,et al.  Optimizing Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes: an Approach Based on Fasting Blood Glucose Measurements , 1988, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[35]  R. Turner,et al.  Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man , 1985, Diabetologia.

[36]  T. Moritani,et al.  Neural factors versus hypertrophy in the time course of muscle strength gain. , 1979, American journal of physical medicine.

[37]  G. Jermendy,et al.  Intraobserver and interobserver variability of measuring waist circumference. , 2008, Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research.

[38]  Jean Denton Mcsp.  Resistance Training for Health and Rehabilitation , 2003 .

[39]  R. Holman,et al.  UKPDS: what was the question? UK Prospective Diabetes Study. , 1999, Lancet.

[40]  T. Lohman,et al.  Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual , 1988 .