Free radicals in iron-containing systems.

All oxidative damage in biological systems arises ultimately from molecular oxygen. Molecular oxygen can scavenge carbon-centered free radicals to form organic peroxyl radicals and hence organic hydroperoxides. Molecular oxygen can also be reduced in two one-electron steps to hydrogen peroxide in which case superoxide anion is an intermediate; or it can be reduced enzymatically so that no superoxide is released. Organic hydroperoxides or hydrogen peroxide can diffuse through membranes whereas hydroxyl radicals or superoxide anion cannot. Chain reactions, initiated by chelated iron and peroxides, can cause tremendous damage. Chain carriers are chelated ferrous ion; hydroxyl radical .OH, or alkoxyl radical .OR, and superoxide anion O2-. or organic peroxyl radical RO2.. Of these free radicals .OH and RO2. appear to be most harmful. All of the biological molecules containing iron are potential donors of iron as a chain initiator and propagator. An attacking role for superoxide dismutase is proposed in the phagocytic process in which it may serve as an intermediate enzyme between NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase. The sequence of reactants is O2----O2-.----H2O2----HOCl.

[1]  T. Trenti,et al.  The effect of ferric iron complex on isolated rat liver mitochondria. I. Respiratory and electrochemical responses. , 1985, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[2]  M. Zuker,et al.  A new vitamin E analogue more active than α‐tocopherol in the rat curative myopathy bioassay , 1986 .

[3]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Superoxide‐dependent formation of hydroxyl radicals from NADH and NADPH in the presence of iron salts , 1982, FEBS letters.

[4]  T. C. Bruice,et al.  Homolytic and heterolytic oxygen−oxygen bond scissions accompanying oxygen transfer to iron(III) porphyrins by percarboxylic acids and hydroperoxides. A mechanistic criterion for peroxidase and cytochrome P-450 , 1985 .

[5]  F. Rossi,et al.  Enzymatic basis of metabolic stimulation in leucocytes during phagocytosis: the role of activated NADPH oxidase. , 1971, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[6]  J. Farber,et al.  Ferric iron and superoxide ions are required for the killing of cultured hepatocytes by hydrogen peroxide. Evidence for the participation of hydroxyl radicals formed by an iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction. , 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[7]  R. Mason.  One- and two-electron oxidation of reduced glutathione by peroxidases. , 1986, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[8]  H. Claésson,et al.  Ethanol-enhanced transmembrane penetration of arachidonic acid and activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in human leukocytes. , 1986, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[9]  J. Eaton,et al.  Hemoglobin. A biologic fenton reagent. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[10]  L. Sklar,et al.  Hydrogen peroxide-induced injury of cells and its prevention by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  C. Walling,et al.  Oxygen evolution as a critical test of mechanism in the ferric‐ion catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide , 1977 .

[12]  G. Adams,et al.  Reactivity of the Hydroxyl Radical in Aqueous Solutions. , 1973 .

[13]  J. Lown,,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of action of anticancer agents involving free radical intermediates , 1985 .

[14]  J. Gutteridge.  Iron promoters of the Fenton reaction and lipid peroxidation can be released from haemoglobin by peroxides , 1986, FEBS letters.

[15]  Superoxide‐dependent formation of hydroxyl radicals in the presence of iron salts , 1983 .

[16]  M. O'Connell,et al.  Formation of hydroxyl radicals in the presence of ferritin and haemosiderin. Is haemosiderin formation a biological protective mechanism? , 1986, The Biochemical journal.

[17]  B. Taffe,et al.  Free radicals in tumor promotion , 1986 .

[18]  R. Aft,et al.  Hemin-mediated oxidative degradation of proteins. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[19]  M G Rossmann,et al.  The NADPH binding site on beef liver catalase. , 1985, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[20]  R. Floyd.  DNA-ferrous iron catalyzed hydroxyl free radical formation from hydrogen peroxide. , 1981, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[21]  T. Dougherty.  HEMATOPORPHYRIN AS A PHOTOSENSITIZER OF TUMORS * , 1983, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[22]  P. R. Montellano.  Cytochrome P-450 , 1986, Springer US.

[23]  M. Ikeda-Saito.  On the analogy in the structure of the spleen green heme protein and granulocyte myeloperoxidase , 1986, FEBS letters.

[24]  H. Forman,et al.  Effects of t-butyl hydroperoxide on NADPH, glutathione, and the respiratory burst of rat alveolar macrophages. , 1985, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[25]  W. Pryor.  CHAPTER 1 – The Role of Free Radical Reactions in Biological Systems , 1976 .

[26]  A. Swaak,et al.  Superoxide-dependent and -independent mechanisms of iron mobilization from ferritin by xanthine oxidase. Implications for oxygen-free-radical-induced tissue destruction during ischaemia and inflammation. , 1986, The Biochemical journal.

[27]  P. Sinet,et al.  The fenton reaction between ferrous‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide , 1982 .

[28]  G. Burton,et al.  Vitamin E: application of the principles of physical organic chemistry to the exploration of its structure and function , 1986 .

[29]  R. Anderson.  Energetics of the one-electron steps in the NAD+/NADH redox couple. , 1980, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[30]  S. Weiss,et al.  Role of hydrogen peroxide in neutrophil-mediated destruction of cultured endothelial cells. , 1981, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[31]  D. Meisel,et al.  Reactions of organic radicals formed by some "Fenton-like" reagents , 1971 .

[32]  T. Florence.  The degradation of cytochrome c by hydrogen peroxide. , 1985, Journal of inorganic biochemistry.

[33]  I. Fridovich,et al.  Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). , 1969, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[34]  M. L. Kremer.  Oxidation reduction step in catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by ferric ions , 1963 .

[35]  D. E. Kerr,et al.  Reaction of myoglobin with phenylhydrazine: a molecular doorstop. , 1984, Biochemistry.

[36]  P. Ortiz de Montellano,et al.  Epoxidation of styrene by hemoglobin and myoglobin. Transfer of oxidizing equivalents to the protein surface. , 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[37]  B. White,et al.  Iron chelation prevents tissue injury following ischemia , 1985 .

[38]  S. Sligar,et al.  Chemical reactivities of bleomycin. , 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[39]  W. Koppenol,et al.  Oxidizing intermediates in the reaction of ferrous EDTA with hydrogen peroxide. Reactions with organic molecules and ferrocytochrome c. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[40]  R. Floyd,et al.  Hydroxyl free radical formation from hydrogen peroxide by ferrous iron-nucleotide complexes. , 1983, Biochemistry.

[41]  M. Palcic,et al.  Absorption spectra of cytochrome P450CAM in the reaction with peroxy acids , 1983, FEBS letters.

[42]  C. Walling.  Fenton's reagent revisited , 1975 .

[43]  I. Yamazaki,et al.  Reaction of peroxidase with reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate. , 1965, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[44]  J. Repine,et al.  Oxygen radicals and lung edema. , 1983, The Physiologist.

[45]  D. Lyster,et al.  Potential use of radiolabelled porphyrins for tumor scanning. , 1983, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[46]  E. Sausville,et al.  Properties and products of the degradation of DNA by bleomycin and iron(II). , 1978, Biochemistry.

[47]  L. Marnett,et al.  Hematin-catalyzed epoxidation of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene by polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides. , 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[48]  H. Rosen,et al.  Role of iron and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in the bactericidal activity of a superoxide anion-generating system. , 1981, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[49]  B. Axelrod,et al.  Induction period in the lipoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of linoleic acid and its abolition by substrate peroxide. , 1958, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[50]  S. Orrenius,et al.  Oxidation of glutathione during hydroperoxide metabolism. A study using isolated hepatocytes and the glutathione reductase inhibitor 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. , 1984, European journal of biochemistry.

[51]  K. Bridges,et al.  The effects of ascorbic acid on the intracellular metabolism of iron and ferritin. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[52]  M. J. Coon,et al.  Oxygen activation by cytochrome P-450. , 1980, Annual review of biochemistry.

[53]  G. Cilento,et al.  PEROXIDASE CATALYZED GENERATION OF TRIPLET ACETONE , 1979 .

[54]  Z. Siddik,et al.  Bleomycin-metal interaction: ferrous iron-initiated chemiluminescence. , 1983, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[55]  H. S. Mason.  The Subunits of Cytochrome C Oxidase , 1982 .

[56]  H. Greppin,et al.  Peroxidases 1970-1980. A survey of their biochemical and physiological roles in higher plants. , 1982 .

[57]  J. Koster,et al.  Ferritin, a physiological iron donor for microsomal lipid peroxidation , 1986, FEBS letters.

[58]  I. Yamazaki,et al.  Analysis and computer simulation of aerobic oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. , 1977, Biochemistry.

[59]  M. L. Kremer.  Nature of intermediates in the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by ferric ions , 1962 .

[60]  B. Bielski.  REEVALUATION OF THE SPECTRAL AND KINETIC PROPERTIES OF HO2 AND O2‐ FREE RADICALS , 1978 .

[61]  M. J. Coon,et al.  On the mechanism of action of cytochrome P-450. Role of peroxy spectral intermediates in substrate hydroxylation. , 1981, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[62]  L. Sieker,et al.  The Biological Chemistry of Iron , 1982 .

[63]  J. Fee.  On the Question of Superoxide Toxicity and the Biological Function of Superoxide Dismutases , 1982 .

[64]  J. Lown,,et al.  The mechanism of the bleomycin-induced cleavage of DNA. , 1977, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[65]  G. Cilento,et al.  Peroxidase-catalyzed formation of triplet acetone and chemiluminescence from isobutyraldehyde and molecular oxygen. , 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[66]  K. Yagi,et al.  Effect of bleomycin on lipid peroxides, glutathione peroxidase and collagenase in cultured lung fibroblasts. , 1983, Journal of biochemistry.

[67]  G. Glass,et al.  The respiratory burst oxidase of human neutrophils. Further studies of the purified enzyme. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[68]  C. Cochrane,et al.  Biochemical factors in pulmonary inflammatory disease. , 1983, Federation proceedings.

[69]  T. C. Bruice,et al.  The pH dependence of the mechanism of reaction of hydrogen peroxide with a nonaggregating, non-mu-oxo dimer-forming iron (III) porphyrin in water. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[70]  T. Florence.  The production of hydroxyl radical from hydrogen peroxide , 1984 .

[71]  A. Balch,et al.  Oxidation of red ferryl [(FeIVO)2+] porphyrin complexes to green ferryl [(FeIVO)2+] porphyrin radical complexes , 1985 .

[72]  W. Barb,et al.  Reactions of ferrous and ferric ions with hydrogen peroxide. Part I.—The ferrous ion reaction , 1951 .

[73]  N. Krinsky,et al.  A kinetic analysis of the interaction of human myeloperoxidase with hydrogen peroxide, chloride ions, and protons. , 1982, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[74]  C. Simone,et al.  Oxidative destruction of erythrocyte ghost membranes catalyzed by the doxorubicin-iron complex. , 1982, Biochemistry.

[75]  S. Weiss,et al.  Long-lived oxidants generated by human neutrophils: characterization and bioactivity. , 1983, Science.

[76]  H. Fenton,et al.  LXXIII.—Oxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron , 1894 .

[77]  W. Lands,et al.  Evidence for a peroxide-initiated free radical mechanism of prostaglandin biosynthesis. , 1980, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[78]  T. Traylor,et al.  Mechanisms of hemin-catalyzed alkene epoxidation. The effect of catalyst on the regiochemistry of epoxidation , 1986 .

[79]  L. K. Patterson,et al.  The kinetics of the reaction of superoxide radical with Fe(III) complexes of EDTA, DETAPAC and HEDTA , 1983, FEBS letters.

[80]  L. Olsen,et al.  Oscillatory kinetics of the peroxidase-oxidase reaction in an open system. Experimental and theoretical studies. , 1978, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[81]  J. Groves,et al.  The mechanism of olefin epoxidation by oxo-iron porphyrins. Direct observation of an intermediate. , 1986, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[82]  S. Weiss,et al.  Oxidative autoactivation of latent collagenase by human neutrophils. , 1985, Science.

[83]  B. James.  6 – Interaction of Dioxygen with Metalloporphyrins , 1978 .

[84]  J. Kanofsky,et al.  Singlet oxygen production by bleomycin. A comparison with heme-containing compounds. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[85]  C. de Graaf,et al.  Characterization of the peroxidase in human eosinophils. , 1980, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[86]  E. Land,et al.  The one-electron reduction potentials of NAD. , 1980, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[87]  L. Prasad,et al.  Autoxidation of biological molecules. 4. Maximizing the antioxidant activity of phenols , 1985 .

[88]  C. Winterbourn,et al.  Iron and xanthine oxidase catalyze formation of an oxidant species distinguishable from OH.: comparison with the Haber-Weiss reaction. , 1986, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[89]  C. Bull,et al.  The mechanism of iron EDTA catalyzed superoxide dismutation , 1983 .

[90]  K. Ingold,et al.  Quantitative measurement of the total, peroxyl radical‐trapping antioxidant capability of human blood plasma by controlled peroxidation , 1985, FEBS letters.

[91]  J. Lown,,et al.  Deoxyribonucleic acid cleavage specificity of a series of acridine- and acodazole-iron porphyrins as functional bleomycin models. , 1986, Biochemistry.

[92]  L. Marnett,et al.  Enzymatic reduction of 5-phenyl-4-pentenyl-hydroperoxide: detection of peroxidases and identification of peroxidase reducing substrates. , 1985, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[93]  R. Crichton.  Ferritin — The Structure and Function of an Iron Storage Protein , 1982 .

[94]  R. Mason,et al.  A direct electron spin resonance and spin-trapping investigation of peroxyl free radical formation by hematin/hydroperoxide systems. , 1983, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[95]  R. Kulmacz.  Prostaglandin H synthase and hydroperoxides: peroxidase reaction and inactivation kinetics. , 1986, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[96]  Juan C. Scaiano,et al.  Rate constants for the reactions of free radicals with oxygen in solution , 1983 .

[97]  F. Guengerich,et al.  Chemical mechanisms of catalysis by cytochromes P-450: a unified view , 1984 .

[98]  S. Yamamoto,et al.  Purification of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase from bovine vesicular gland microsomes. , 1976, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[99]  D. Hinshaw,et al.  Alterations in adenosine triphosphate and energy charge in cultured endothelial and P388D1 cells after oxidant injury. , 1985, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[100]  Y. Kozlov,et al.  Initiation process in the system Fe3+ + H2O2 , 1974 .

[101]  K. Ingold,et al.  beta-Carotene: an unusual type of lipid antioxidant. , 1984, Science.

[102]  J. Bucher,et al.  The multiple effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetate in several model lipid peroxidation systems. , 1982, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[103]  J. Zweier.  Reduction of O2 by iron-adriamycin. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[104]  B. Babior.  Oxidants from phagocytes: agents of defense and destruction. , 1984, Blood.

[105]  L. Marnett,et al.  Spectral properties of the higher oxidation states of prostaglandin H synthase. , 1985, Advances in prostaglandin, thromboxane, and leukotriene research.

[106]  M. Kashem,et al.  Kinetics of the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by horseradish peroxidase compounds I and II. , 1986, Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire.

[107]  Damon L. Meyer,et al.  Biochemistry of Dioxygen , 1985, Biochemistry of the Elements.

[108]  R. Clark,et al.  The neutrophil: Function and clinical disorders , 1978 .

[109]  R. Willstätter,et al.  Unpaarigkeit und Radikalketten im Reaktionsmechanismus organischer und enzymatischer Vorgänge , 1931 .

[110]  J. Docherty,et al.  Mechanism of action of heme oxygenase. A study of heme degradation to bile pigment by 18O labeling. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[111]  L. Marnett,et al.  Hydroperoxide-dependent epoxidation of 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrobenzo[a]anthracene by ram seminal vesicle microsomes and by hematin. , 1986, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[112]  M. J. Coon,et al.  Aliphatic hydroxylation by highly purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Evidence for a carbon radical intermediate. , 1978, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[113]  A. Lambeir,et al.  On the mechanism of chlorination by chloroperoxidase. , 1987, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[114]  J. Bucher,et al.  The requirement for ferric in the initiation of lipid peroxidation by chelated ferrous iron. , 1983, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[115]  J. Repine,et al.  Dimethyl sulfoxide prevents DNA nicking mediated by ionizing radiation or iron/hydrogen peroxide-generated hydroxyl radical. , 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[116]  J. Rush,et al.  Pulse radiolysis studies of alkaline iron(III) and iron(VI) solutions. Observation of transient iron complexes with intermediate oxidation states. , 1986, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[117]  C. Winterbourn,et al.  Reactions of Adriamycin with haemoglobin. Superoxide dismutase indirectly inhibits reactions of the Adriamycin semiquinone. , 1982, The Biochemical journal.

[118]  Isabel Moura,et al.  Simple Iron-Sulfur Proteins: Methodology for Establishing the Type of Center , 1982 .

[119]  W. Caughey,et al.  Mechanism of autooxidation for hemoglobins and myoglobins. Promotion of superoxide production by protons and anions. , 1982, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[120]  J. V. Bannister,et al.  The production of hydroxyl radicals by adriamycin in red blood cells , 1983, FEBS letters.

[121]  L. Marnett,et al.  Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives to ultimate carcinogens during lipid peroxidation. , 1983, Science.

[122]  B. Chance,et al.  Reactive oxygen intermediates in biochemistry. , 1986, Annual review of biochemistry.

[123]  S. Weiss,et al.  Brominating oxidants generated by human eosinophils. , 1986, Science.

[124]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Free radicals in biology and medicine , 1985 .

[125]  A. Cederbaum,et al.  The effect of EDTA and iron on the oxidation of hydroxyl radical scavenging agents and ethanol by rat liver microsomes. , 1983, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[126]  B. Samuelsson.  ON THE INCORPORATION OF OXYGEN IN THE CONVERSION OF 8, 11, 14-EICOSATRIENOIC ACID TO PROSTAGLANDIN E1. , 1965, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[127]  Fritz Haber,et al.  The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iron salts , 1934 .

[128]  J. Kanner,et al.  Initiation of membranal lipid peroxidation by activated metmyoglobin and methemoglobin. , 1985, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[129]  J. McCord,et al.  Superoxide dismutases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. , 1974, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[130]  D. Hinshaw,et al.  Oxidant injury of cells. DNA strand-breaks activate polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase and lead to depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. , 1986, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[131]  L. Marnett,et al.  Hematin-catalyzed rearrangement of hydroperoxylinoleic acid to epoxy alcohols via an oxygen rebound , 1983 .

[132]  M. Hamberg,et al.  Detection and isolation of an endoperoxide intermediate in prostaglandin biosynthesis. , 1973, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[133]  N. Murugesan,et al.  Bleomycin as an oxene transferase. Catalytic oxygen transfer to olefins , 1985 .

[134]  P. O'Brien,et al.  Hydroperoxide catalyzed liver microsomal aromatic hydroxylation reactions involving cytochrome P-450. , 1974, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[135]  A. O. Allen,et al.  Mechanism of the disproportionation of superoxide radicals , 1977 .

[136]  M. Hendrich,et al.  Chloroperoxidase compound I: Electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer studies. , 1984, Biochemistry.

[137]  L. Flohé.  CHAPTER 7 – Glutathione Peroxidase Brought into Focus , 1982 .

[138]  M. L. Kremer,et al.  Kinetics of the Fe3+ ion–H2O2 reaction: Steady‐state and terminal‐state analysis , 1977 .

[139]  P. Aisen,et al.  Hydroxyl radical formation and iron-binding proteins. Stimulation by the purple acid phosphatases. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[140]  R. Willson,et al.  Stimulation of microsomal lipid peroxidation by iron and cysteine. Characterization and the role of free radicals. , 1983, The Biochemical journal.

[141]  E. Cadenas,et al.  Low-level chemiluminescence of isolated hepatocytes. , 1981, European journal of biochemistry.

[142]  M. G. Evans,et al.  The [Fe(OH)]+2 and [Fe(O2H)]+2 complexes , 1949 .

[143]  C. Nathan,et al.  Release of arachidonate and reduction of oxygen. Independent metabolic bursts of the mouse peritoneal macrophage. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[144]  B C Finzel,et al.  The 2.6-A crystal structure of Pseudomonas putida cytochrome P-450. , 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[145]  H. Dunford.  On the function and mechanism of action of peroxidases , 1976 .

[146]  M. Rossmann,et al.  Three-dimensional structure of catalase from Penicillium vitale at 2.0 A resolution. , 1983, Journal of molecular biology.

[147]  J. A. Badwey,et al.  Studies on the mechanism of superoxide release from human neutrophils stimulated with arachidonate. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[148]  G. Kikuchi,et al.  A stoichiometric study of heme degradation catalyzed by the reconstituted heme oxygenase system with special consideration of the production of hydrogen peroxide during the reaction. , 1983, Journal of biochemistry.

[149]  J. Gallin,et al.  Diffusion of extracellular hydrogen peroxide into intracellular compartments of human neutrophils. Studies utilizing the inactivation of myeloperoxidase by hydrogen peroxide and azide. , 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[150]  T. Eling,et al.  The oxidation of arachidonic acid by the cyclooxygenase activity of purified prostaglandin H synthase: spin trapping of a carbon-centered free radical intermediate. , 1986, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[151]  C. Winterbourn,et al.  Production of the superoxide adduct of myeloperoxidase (compound III) by stimulated human neutrophils and its reactivity with hydrogen peroxide and chloride. , 1985, The Biochemical journal.

[152]  N. Porter.  Mechanisms for the autoxidation of polyunsaturated lipids , 1986 .