Performance Analysis of Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Multi-Core Fiber

Performance analysis of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) has been one of the focuses of quantum communications. In this paper, we propose an approach to enhancing the secret rate of CVQKD with the multi-core fiber (MCF) system that transmits multiple spatial modes simultaneously. The excess noise contributed by the inter-core crosstalk between cores can be effectively suppressed by quantum channel wavelength management, leading to the performance improvement of the MCF-based CVQKD system. In the security analysis, we perform numerical simulations for the Gaussian-modulated coherent state CVQKD protocol, considering simultaneously the extra insert loss of fan-in/fan-out (FIFO), which is the extra optical device that should be used at the input and the output of the fiber. Simulation results show that the performance of the one-way and two-way protocols for each core are slightly degraded because of the insert loss of the FIFO, but the total secret key rate can be increased, whereas the performance of the measurement-device-independent CVQKD protocol will be degraded due to the effect of the insert loss of the FIFO. These results may provide theoretical foundation for the space-division multiplexing CVQKD system.

[1]  R. Penty,et al.  Quantum key distribution for 10 Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexing networks , 2014, 1402.1508.

[2]  E. Diamanti,et al.  Improvement of continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems by using optical preamplifiers , 2008, 0812.4314.

[3]  Peng Huang,et al.  High-speed continuous-variable quantum key distribution without sending a local oscillator. , 2015, Optics letters.

[4]  Peng Huang,et al.  Continuous-variable quantum key distribution with 1 Mbps secure key rate. , 2015, Optics express.

[5]  P. Grangier,et al.  Continuous variable quantum cryptography using coherent states. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[6]  Yijun Wang,et al.  Performance improvement of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with an entangled source in the middle via photon subtraction , 2017 .

[7]  N. Cerf,et al.  Quantum information with optical continuous variables: from Bell tests to key distribution , 2007 .

[8]  Anthony Leverrier,et al.  Composable security proof for continuous-variable quantum key distribution with coherent States. , 2014, Physical review letters.

[9]  Bingjie Xu,et al.  Non-Gaussian postselection and virtual photon subtraction in continuous-variable quantum key distribution , 2016, 1601.02799.

[10]  N. Cerf,et al.  Unconditional optimality of Gaussian attacks against continuous-variable quantum key distribution. , 2006, Physical Review Letters.

[11]  Ivan B Djordjevic,et al.  High-speed free-space optical continuous-variable quantum key distribution enabled by three-dimensional multiplexing. , 2017, Optics express.

[12]  Peng Huang,et al.  Multichannel parallel continuous-variable quantum key distribution with Gaussian modulation , 2013, 1310.2405.

[13]  Xiaodong Wu,et al.  Enhancing of Self-Referenced Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Virtual Photon Subtraction , 2018, Entropy.

[14]  P. Grangier,et al.  Finite-size analysis of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution , 2010, 1005.0339.

[15]  Ying Guo,et al.  Long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution using non-Gaussian state-discrimination detection , 2017, 1708.04074.

[16]  T. Hayashi,et al.  Design and fabrication of ultra-low crosstalk and low-loss multi-core fiber. , 2011, Optics express.

[17]  Xudong Wang,et al.  Improving the Maximum Transmission Distance of Self-Referenced Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Using a Noiseless Linear Amplifier , 2018, Entropy.

[18]  Peng Huang,et al.  Performance improvement of continuous-variable quantum key distribution via photon subtraction , 2013 .

[19]  Patrick J. Coles,et al.  Self-referenced continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol , 2015, 1503.04763.

[20]  Kunimasa Saitoh,et al.  Analytical Expression of Average Power-Coupling Coefficients for Estimating Intercore Crosstalk in Multicore Fibers , 2012, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[21]  Ying Guo,et al.  Continuous-variable measurement-device-independent multipartite quantum communication , 2015, 1512.03876.

[22]  Bing Qi,et al.  Generating the local oscillator "locally" in continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on coherent detection , 2015, 1503.00662.

[23]  Ying Guo,et al.  Performance improvement of eight-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution with an optical amplifier , 2018 .

[24]  Xiang Peng,et al.  Continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with imperfect detectors , 2013, 2014 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) - Laser Science to Photonic Applications.

[25]  Seth Lloyd,et al.  Continuous Variable Quantum Cryptography using Two-Way Quantum Communication , 2006, ArXiv.

[26]  H. Lo,et al.  Experimental study on the Gaussian-modulated coherent-state quantum key distribution over standard telecommunication fibers , 2007, 0709.3666.

[27]  Hao Qin,et al.  Coexistence of continuous variable QKD with intense DWDM classical channels , 2014, 1412.1403.

[28]  Ivan B Djordjevic,et al.  RF-subcarrier-assisted four-state continuous-variable QKD based on coherent detection. , 2016, Optics letters.

[29]  Miguel Navascués,et al.  Optimality of Gaussian attacks in continuous-variable quantum cryptography. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[30]  L. Liang,et al.  Gaussian-modulated coherent-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution , 2013, 1312.5025.

[31]  Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe,et al.  High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits , 2016, npj Quantum Information.

[32]  Gilles Brassard,et al.  Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing , 2014, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[33]  Mario Berta,et al.  Continuous variable quantum key distribution: finite-key analysis of composable security against coherent attacks. , 2012 .

[34]  J F Dynes,et al.  Quantum key distribution over multicore fiber. , 2016, Optics express.

[35]  H. Lo,et al.  Feasibility of quantum key distribution through a dense wavelength division multiplexing network , 2010, 1006.0726.

[36]  Yusuke Sasaki,et al.  Crosstalk Analysis of Heterogeneous Multicore Fibers Using Coupled-Mode Theory , 2017, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[37]  Peng Huang,et al.  Long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution by controlling excess noise , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[38]  Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe,et al.  Space division multiplexing chip-to-chip quantum key distribution , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[39]  S. Lloyd,et al.  High-rate quantum cryptography in untrusted networks , 2013, 1312.4104.