Adaptation in load shedding under vulnerable operating conditions

The proposed approach to avoiding catastrophic failures in interconnected power systems uses a defeusive system based on multiagent system technologies. Because of their dynamic environments, these agents need to automatically adjust their decision criteria. The method of reinforcement learning with temporal differences can provide a suitable basis for the adaptation. An appropriate convergence criterion is derived and an application of the method to load shedding is demonstrated. A dynamic simulation involving a 179-bus power system is used to validate the method.

[1]  Timothy W. Finin,et al.  A Proposal for a new KQML Specification , 1997 .

[2]  E. K. Nielsen,et al.  An operations view of special protection systems , 1988 .

[3]  Chen-Ching Liu,et al.  The strategic power infrastructure defense (SPID) system. A conceptual design , 2000, IEEE Control Systems.

[4]  O. Faucon,et al.  Coordinated defense plan protects against transient instabilities , 1997 .

[5]  Hiroyuki Kudo,et al.  A cooperative protection system with an agent model , 1998 .

[6]  Sarosh N. Talukdar,et al.  Multiagent organizations for real-time operations , 1992, Proc. IEEE.

[7]  Reda Alhajj,et al.  Multiagent reinforcement learning using function approximation , 2000, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C.

[8]  Bruno Feijó,et al.  Control centers evolve with agent technology , 2000 .

[9]  Chen-Ching Liu,et al.  Multi-agent technology for vulnerability assessment and control , 2001, 2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262).

[10]  John N. Tsitsiklis,et al.  Analysis of temporal-difference learning with function approximation , 1996, NIPS 1996.

[11]  Richard S. Sutton,et al.  Reinforcement Learning is Direct Adaptive Optimal Control , 1992, 1991 American Control Conference.

[12]  J. Gillis,et al.  Matrix Iterative Analysis , 1961 .

[13]  V. C. Ramesh,et al.  Intelligent agents for negotiations in market games. I. Model , 1998 .

[14]  R. A. Brooks,et al.  Intelligence without Representation , 1991, Artif. Intell..

[15]  G. Trudel,et al.  Hydro-Quebec's defence plan against extreme contingencies , 1999 .

[16]  G. Stranne,et al.  Operational experience of load shedding and new requirements on frequency relays , 1997 .