Satellite passive positioning method based on GPS broadcast data

The invention provides a satellite passive positioning method based on GPS broadcast data. The method comprises: acquiring measuring data of a satellite; according to the measuring data, calculating a conversion matrix M from an earth-fixed coordinate system to a satellite local system; selecting an earth ellipsoidal model and obtaining corresponding earth geometrical parameters and an earth ellipsoidal surface equation; and according to the conversion matrix M, solving an object position equation, and solving object position coordinates by simultaneously solving the earth ellipsoidal surface equation. The measuring data comprises the GPS broadcast data including a satellite real-time position P and a speed V , object measurement angles beta and beta and attitude angle data, i.e., a pitch angle phi, a yaw angle yaw angle gamma and a roll angle theta, wherein the GPS broadcast data is obtained through a satellite data bus, the beta and the beta are obtained through a load subsystem, and the attitude angle data is obtained through an attitude orbit control subsystem. According to the invention, the high-precision GPS broadcast data is taken as a system input quality, such that the precision of each parameter during a calculation process is ensured, accordingly, the precision of a positioning result is ensured, at the same time, an offline processing process is unnecessary, and the satellite autonomous calculating capability is enhanced.