A Review of Spacecraft AI Control Systems

The history of artificial intelligence control systems for use in space is discussed in this paper. The two fields started separately in the 1950s and first merged in the 1970s due to control requirements for a Jet Propulsion Laboratory project. While spacecraft have a special need for AI systems due to communications delays and other factors, much of AI control system development is conducted for earth-based applications. To mitigate risk factors, space-bound AI systems are also tested extensively via simulations. As a result, virtually all AI space control systems get their start on the ground. Additionally, ground support systems are required to facilitate communication with and command of AI controlled and other space craft. Numerous successful missions incorporating or controlled by AI technology have been launched. Further, many more are planned. Examples of ground, space-flown and future AI control missions are all discussed herein. While, spacecraft AI was born out of necessity (due to communication delays and such), it is now becoming desirable for other reasons such as cost savings and mission enhancement.

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