Formal Semantics for Ward & Mellor's Transformation Schemas and the Specification of Faul Tolerant Systems

A family of formal semantics is given for the Essential Model of the Transformation Schema of Ward & Mellor [WM85] using recent techniques developed for defining the semantics of Statecharts [Har88] by Pnueli and Huizing. The models developed closely resemble those used for synchronous languages [BG92]. Each model has its own application area, e.g., one fits best for fault-tolerant systems, but only one model is modular. A number of ambiguities and inconsistencies in Ward & Mellor's original definition is resolved.