A Hybrid Discrete-Continuum Model for 3-D Skeletogenesis of the Vertebrate Limb

We present a dynamic, three-dimensional, composite model framework for vertebrate development. Our integrated model combines submodels that address length-scales from subcellular to tissues and organs in a unified framework. Interacting submodels include a discrete model derived from non-equilibrium statistical mechanics (Cellular Potts Model) and continuous reaction-diffusion models. A state diagram with associated rules and a set of ordinary differential equations model genetic regulation to define and control cell differentiation. We apply the model spatiotemporal bone patterning in the proximo-distal (from body towards digits) direction of developing avian limb.

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