Using tutoring systems to study learning: An application of HyperCard

HyperCard was used to develop a simplified tutoring system whose principles were based on a learning theory, and a genetics tutoring system was evaluated experimentally. Learning was studied by examining immediate versus delayed feedback after an error was made. Such tutoring systems aid in psychological studies of learning, because experimental variables can be easily manipulated. HyperCard provides a good vehicle for tutoring system development, since it requires no extensive programming skills.

[1]  John R. Anderson,et al.  Cognitive principles in the design of computer tutors , 1984 .

[2]  John R. Anderson,et al.  The TEACHER'S APPRENTICE: Designing an intelligent authoring system for high school mathematics , 1987 .

[3]  B F SKINNER,et al.  Teaching machines; from the experimental study of learning come devices which arrange optimal conditions for self instruction. , 1958, Science.

[4]  Pat Langley,et al.  Learning, development, and production systems , 1987 .

[5]  Albert T. Corbett,et al.  Intelligent Tutoring Systems , 1985, Science.

[6]  B F SKINNER,et al.  Teaching Machines , 1962 .

[7]  John R. Anderson,et al.  Cognitive Modeling and Intelligent Tutoring , 1990, Artif. Intell..

[8]  John R. Anderson Methodologies for studying human knowledge , 1987, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[9]  Kurt VanLehn,et al.  Toward a theory of impasse-driven learning , 1988 .

[10]  John R. Anderson,et al.  Dynamic Student Modelling in an Intelligent Tutor for LISP Programming , 1985, IJCAI.

[11]  Joseph Psotka,et al.  Intelligent tutoring systems : lessons learned , 1988 .

[12]  John R. Anderson Acquisition of cognitive skill. , 1982 .

[13]  Danny Goodman,et al.  Complete HyperCard 2.0 Handbook , 1990 .

[14]  John R. Anderson,et al.  Discrimination of operator schemata in problem solving: Learning from examples , 1985, Cognitive Psychology.

[15]  J. S. Brown,et al.  Pedagogical, natural language, and knowledge engineering techniques in SOPHIE-I, II and III , 1982 .

[16]  Etienne Wenger,et al.  Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems , 1987 .

[17]  Allen Newell,et al.  The psychology of human-computer interaction , 1983 .

[18]  Martha C. Polson,et al.  Foundations of intelligent tutoring systems , 1988 .

[19]  John R. Anderson,et al.  The automated tutoring of introductory computer programming , 1986, CACM.

[20]  R R Burton,et al.  Toward a natural-language capability for computer-assisted instruction , 1986 .

[21]  John R. Anderson,et al.  Learning to Program in LISP , 1984, Cogn. Sci..

[22]  E. Fischetti,et al.  From computer-aided instruction to intelligent tutoring systems , 1990 .

[23]  Adrienne Y. Lee,et al.  Learning and transfer of measurement tasks , 1989, CHI '89.

[24]  John R. Anderson,et al.  The Geometry Tutor , 1985, IJCAI.

[25]  John R. Anderson,et al.  Learning to Program in LISP , 1984, Cogn. Sci..