Low-voltage CMOS VT extractor

A new and accurate MOS threshold voltage (VT) extractor is proposed. The principle of operation is based on a novel negative feedback that reduces the effects caused by second-order factors and supply voltage variations. The advantages of the circuit against previous implementations are true low-voltage supply operation and low current consumption capabilities. Simulation results, based on the 0.35 µm AMS BiCMOS process, demonstrate a variation of less than 0.3% of the extracted value of VT for a supply voltage in the range 1–3.6 V.