Piston and Ring Friction by the Fixed Sleeve Method

A new technique termed the «fixed sleeve» method has been developed to measure the instantaneous friction of the piston and ring assembly as a function of crank angle. This method is a derivative of what has been termed the «moveable bore» method. Results are presented for friction determinations on a 4.1 litre gasoline engine for motoring and firing operation at a variety of speeds, loads, and engine temperatures