Complement inhibitors for kidney disease.

A refined understanding of the role of complement in the pathogenesis of glomerular and other kidney diseases has, over the past two decades, been matched by the development of novel, complement targeting therapies. As we increasingly recognize the important role that complement activation across all three pathways-classical, lectin, and alternative-plays in glomerular lesions both rare (e.g. C3 glomerulopathy) and common (e.g. IgA nephropathy), we can identify avenues for precise, targeted approaches at modifying the natural history of these kidney diseases. In this review, we survey the evidence on using complement inhibition from the earliest, small-scale studies focusing on C5-targeting agents to more recent, large, multi-center, randomized trials utilizing complement blockade higher up in the complement pathway at the level of C3. We conclude by examining where the field of complement targeting therapy may be headed in light of these studies.