The presence of zinc in Swedish waste fuels.

Zinc (Zn) is a chemical element that has gained more attention lately owing to its possibility to form corrosive deposits in large boilers, such as Waste-to-Energy plants. Zn enters the boilers in many different forms and particularly in waste, the amount of Zn is hard to determine due to both the heterogeneity of waste in general but also due to the fact that little is yet published specifically about the Zn levels in waste. This study aimed to determine the Zn in Swedish waste fuels by taking regular samples from seven different and geographically separate waste combustion plants over a 12-month period. The analysis shows that there is a relation between the municipal solid waste (MSW) content and the Zn-content; high MSW-content gives lower Zn-content. This means that waste combustion plants with a higher share of industrial and commercial waste and/or building and demolition waste would have a higher share of Zn in the fuel. The study also shows that in Sweden, the geographic location of the plant does not have any effect on the Zn-content. Furthermore, it is concluded that different seasons appear not to affect the Zn concentrations significantly. In some plants there was a clear correlation between the Zn-content and the content of other trace metals.

[1]  Bo G Leckner,et al.  Ash Deposition on Heat Transfer Tubes during Combustion of Demolition Wood , 2006 .

[2]  M. Minagawa.  New developments in polymer stabilization , 1989 .

[3]  M. Hupa,et al.  Experimental studies of Zn and Pb induced high temperature corrosion of two commercial boiler steels , 2013 .

[4]  D. Rayson,et al.  An Infra-red spectroscopic study of naphthalene substitution , 1955 .

[5]  M. Hupa,et al.  Occurrence of Zinc and Lead in Aerosols and Deposits in the Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Recovered Waste Wood. Part 2: Thermodynamic Considerations , 2011 .

[6]  داوملا ةسدنھ.  Zinc oxide , 2015, Reactions Weekly.

[7]  Lars-Erik Åmand,et al.  Fate of Zinc during Combustion of Demolition Wood in a Fluidized Bed Boiler , 2008 .

[8]  A. Marder,et al.  The effect of continuous heating on the phase transformations in zinc- iron electrodeposited coatings , 1991 .

[9]  S. Enestam.  Corrosivity of hot flue gases in the fluidized bed combustion of recovered waste wood , 2011 .

[10]  R. C. Owen,et al.  An infra-red spectroscopic study of the stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) by zinc and calcium stearates , 1983 .

[11]  M. Hupa,et al.  Interaction of the Behavior of Lead and Zinc With Alkalis in Fluidized Bed Combustion or Gasification of Waste Derived Fuels , 2005 .

[12]  Andreas Waag,et al.  Zinc Oxide: From Fundamental Properties Towards Novel Applications , 2010 .

[13]  Gunnar Eriksson,et al.  Thermodynamic behavior of metal chlorides and sulfates under the conditions of incineration furnaces , 1996 .

[14]  M. Cortie,et al.  Zinc oxide particles: Synthesis, properties and applications , 2012 .

[15]  M. Hupa,et al.  Occurrence of Zinc and Lead in Aerosols and Deposits in the Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Recovered Waste Wood. Part 1: Samples from Boilers , 2011 .

[16]  K. Shen,et al.  Zinc borates as multifunctional polymer additives , 2008 .