LONG‐TERM ASSESSMENT OF TEMPERATE OCTOCORAL MORTALITY PATTERNS, PROTECTED VS. UNPROTECTED AREAS

Coastal marine protected areas (MPAs) are usually established with an aim to protect areas of special ecological value. However, protected areas tend to attract more tourism and associated recreational activities, thereby exposing the biota to new risks such as high diving activity. The effects of these drawbacks are still little known for low-dynamic systems such as one of the most characteristic and fragile Mediterranean communities, the coralligenous community. Mortality rates were assessed in both heavily dived and lightly dived areas to evaluate the effect of diving on the survival of the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata. The study was designed to distinguish human-induced causes from natural causes of gorgonian mortality and to provide criteria for sustainable management of protected areas. We examined total and partial mortality of adult colonies (>10 cm in height) at four locations, two each representing one of the two situations, heavily dived (MPA) and lightly dived (control), annually over a 9-yr ...

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