A review of computer aided detection in mammography.

Breast screening with mammography is widely recognized as the most effective method of detecting early breast cancer and has consistently demonstrated a 20-40% decrease in mortality among screened women. Despite this, the sensitivity of mammography ranges between 70 and 90%. Computer aided detection (CAD) is an artificial intelligence (AI) technique that utilizes pattern recognition to highlight suspicious features on imaging and marks them for the radiologist to review and interpret. It aims to decrease oversights made by interpreting radiologists. Here we review the efficacy of CAD and potential future directions.

[1]  Debra M Ikeda,et al.  Computer-aided detection with screening mammography in a university hospital setting. , 2005, Radiology.

[2]  Riham Eiada,et al.  Evaluation of breast amorphous calcifications by a computer-aided detection system in full-field digital mammography. , 2012, The British journal of radiology.

[3]  David Gur,et al.  Dose reduction in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening using synthetically reconstructed projection images: an observer performance study. , 2012, Academic radiology.

[4]  J. Reynolds,et al.  Impact of computer-aided detection in a regional screening mammography program. , 2005, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[5]  Priscilla J Slanetz,et al.  Prospective assessment of computer-aided detection in interpretation of screening mammography. , 2006, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[6]  C. Balleyguier,et al.  Improving digital breast tomosynthesis reading time: A pilot multi-reader, multi-case study using concurrent Computer-Aided Detection (CAD). , 2017, European journal of radiology.

[7]  Thomas Helbich,et al.  Performance of computer-aided detection applied to full-field digital mammography in detection of breast cancers. , 2011, European journal of radiology.

[8]  Shinya Iida,et al.  Detection of Breast Cancer with a Computer-Aided Detection Applied to Full-Field Digital Mammography , 2012, Journal of Digital Imaging.

[9]  Luisa P. Wallace,et al.  Changes in breast cancer detection and mammography recall rates after the introduction of a computer-aided detection system. , 2004, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[10]  Stefano Ciatto,et al.  Does computer-aided detection (CAD) contribute to the performance of digital mammography in a self-referred population? , 2008, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.

[11]  Laurie L Fajardo,et al.  Assessing the stand-alone sensitivity of computer-aided detection with cancer cases from the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial. , 2012, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[12]  Noriaki Ohuchi,et al.  Cost-effectiveness analysis for breast cancer screening: double reading versus single + CAD reading , 2014, Breast Cancer.

[13]  E. Thurfjell,et al.  Benefit of independent double reading in a population-based mammography screening program. , 1994, Radiology.

[14]  Barbara L. Smith,et al.  A failure analysis of invasive breast cancer: Most deaths from disease occur in women not regularly screened , 2014, Cancer.

[15]  Christina Ilvento,et al.  Improved cancer detection using computer-aided detection with diagnostic and screening mammography: prospective study of 104 cancers. , 2006, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[16]  Jules H Sumkin,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy and recall rates for digital mammography and digital mammography combined with one-view and two-view tomosynthesis: results of an enriched reader study. , 2014, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[17]  E. Halpern,et al.  Assessing radiologist performance using combined digital mammography and breast tomosynthesis compared with digital mammography alone: results of a multicenter, multireader trial. , 2013, Radiology.

[18]  N Houssami,et al.  Application of breast tomosynthesis in screening: incremental effect on mammography acquisition and reading time. , 2012, The British journal of radiology.

[19]  D. Ikeda,et al.  Mammographic characteristics of 115 missed cancers later detected with screening mammography and the potential utility of computer-aided detection. , 2001, Radiology.

[20]  R. Bird,et al.  Analysis of cancers missed at screening mammography. , 1992, Radiology.

[21]  Berkman Sahiner,et al.  Computer-aided detection system for breast masses on digital tomosynthesis mammograms: preliminary experience. , 2005, Radiology.

[22]  Montserrat Rué,et al.  Cost-Effectiveness of Double Reading versus Single Reading of Mammograms in a Breast Cancer Screening Programme , 2016, PloS one.

[23]  James E. Keen,et al.  Utilization of Computer-Aided Detection for Digital Screening Mammography in the United States, 2008 to 2016. , 2018, Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR.

[24]  Kunio Doi,et al.  Computer-aided diagnosis in medical imaging: Historical review, current status and future potential , 2007, Comput. Medical Imaging Graph..

[25]  Anne Marie McCarthy,et al.  Baseline Screening Mammography: Performance of Full-Field Digital Mammography Versus Digital Breast Tomosynthesis. , 2015, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[26]  Tor D Tosteson,et al.  Digital breast tomosynthesis: initial experience in 98 women with abnormal digital screening mammography. , 2007, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[27]  Sara Gavenonis,et al.  Calcifications in the Breast and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis , 2011, The breast journal.

[28]  Woo Kyung Moon,et al.  Screening mammography-detected cancers: sensitivity of a computer-aided detection system applied to full-field digital mammograms. , 2007, Radiology.

[29]  B. Seo,et al.  Breast Cancer Detection in a Screening Population: Comparison of Digital Mammography, Computer-Aided Detection Applied to Digital Mammography and Breast Ultrasound , 2016, Journal of breast cancer.

[30]  Berkman Sahiner,et al.  Computer-aided detection of clustered microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis: a 3D approach. , 2011, Medical physics.

[31]  M. Yaffe,et al.  Impact of computer-aided detection systems on radiologist accuracy with digital mammography. , 2014, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[32]  M. Giger,et al.  Breast cancer: effectiveness of computer-aided diagnosis observer study with independent database of mammograms. , 2002, Radiology.

[33]  N. Houssami,et al.  Digital Breast Tomosynthesis with Synthesized Two-Dimensional Images versus Full-Field Digital Mammography for Population Screening: Outcomes from the Verona Screening Program. , 2017, Radiology.

[34]  Berkman Sahiner,et al.  Computer-aided detection of masses in digital tomosynthesis mammography: comparison of three approaches. , 2008, Medical physics.

[35]  W. P. Evans,et al.  Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: mammographic characteristics and computer-aided detection. , 2002, Radiology.

[36]  Heang-Ping Chan,et al.  Analysis of computer-aided detection techniques and signal characteristics for clustered microcalcifications on digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis , 2016, Physics in medicine and biology.

[37]  Pragya A. Dang,et al.  Addition of tomosynthesis to conventional digital mammography: effect on image interpretation time of screening examinations. , 2014, Radiology.

[38]  Dianne Georgian-Smith,et al.  Blinded comparison of computer-aided detection with human second reading in screening mammography. , 2007, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[39]  J. Hoffmeister,et al.  Computer-aided detection system applied to full-field digital mammograms , 2010, Acta radiologica.

[40]  X. Bonfill,et al.  Double versus single reading of mammograms in a breast cancer screening programme: a cost-consequence analysis , 2016, European Radiology.

[41]  M. Gromet.  Comparison of computer-aided detection to double reading of screening mammograms: review of 231,221 mammograms. , 2008, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[42]  Kehu Yang,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of digital breast tomosynthesis versus digital mammography for benign and malignant lesions in breasts: a meta-analysis , 2014, European Radiology.

[43]  Thomas Boehm,et al.  Influence of breast lesion size and histologic findings on tumor detection rate of a computer-aided detection system. , 2003, Radiology.

[44]  Håkan Jonsson,et al.  The Impact of Mammographic Screening on Breast Cancer Mortality in Europe: A Review of Observational Studies , 2012, Journal of medical screening.

[45]  Paul Kinahan,et al.  Radiomics: Images Are More than Pictures, They Are Data , 2015, Radiology.

[46]  A. Mushlin,et al.  Estimating the accuracy of screening mammography: a meta-analysis. , 1998, American journal of preventive medicine.

[47]  S. Moss,et al.  Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of double reading of mammograms in breast cancer screening: findings of a systematic review. , 2001, Breast.

[48]  Gregory Doyle,et al.  Pan-Canadian study of mammography screening and mortality from breast cancer. , 2014, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[49]  M J Schell,et al.  Reassessment of breast cancers missed during routine screening mammography: a community-based study. , 2001, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[50]  Chuan Zhou,et al.  Multichannel response analysis on 2D projection views for detection of clustered microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis. , 2014, Medical physics.

[51]  D. Altman,et al.  The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: an independent review , 2012, British Journal of Cancer.

[52]  C. Lehman,et al.  Diagnostic Accuracy of Digital Screening Mammography With and Without Computer-Aided Detection. , 2015, JAMA internal medicine.

[53]  Lia Morra,et al.  Breast Cancer: Computer-aided Detection with Digital Breast Tomosynthesis. , 2015, Radiology.

[54]  Alicia Y Toledano,et al.  Concurrent Computer-Aided Detection Improves Reading Time of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis and Maintains Interpretation Performance in a Multireader Multicase Study. , 2017, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[55]  Woo Kyung Moon,et al.  Computer-aided detection in full-field digital mammography: sensitivity and reproducibility in serial examinations. , 2008, Radiology.

[56]  S. Jha,et al.  Why CAD Failed in Mammography. , 2018, Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR.

[57]  Paul Taylor,et al.  Computer aids and human second reading as interventions in screening mammography: two systematic reviews to compare effects on cancer detection and recall rate. , 2008, European journal of cancer.

[58]  M. Moskowitz,et al.  Breast cancer missed by mammography. , 1979, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[59]  Jeffrey W Hoffmeister,et al.  Detection of breast cancer with full-field digital mammography and computer-aided detection. , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[60]  C. Lehman,et al.  Testing the effect of computer-assisted detection on interpretive performance in screening mammography. , 2006, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[61]  Aziz Makandar,et al.  Computer Aided Diagnosis - Medical Image Analysis Techniques , 2018 .

[62]  KathleenR. Brandt,et al.  Screening mammograms: interpretation with computer-aided detection--prospective evaluation. , 2006, Radiology.

[63]  C. D'Orsi,et al.  Influence of computer-aided detection on performance of screening mammography. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[64]  S. Hofvind,et al.  Missed and true interval and screen-detected breast cancers in a population based screening program. , 2011, Academic radiology.

[65]  Lara A Hardesty,et al.  Digital breast tomosynthesis utilization in the United States: a survey of physician members of the Society of Breast Imaging. , 2014, Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR.

[66]  Joann G Elmore,et al.  Short-Term Outcomes of Screening Mammography Using Computer-Aided Detection , 2013, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[67]  David Gur,et al.  Detection and classification of calcifications on digital breast tomosynthesis and 2D digital mammography: a comparison. , 2011, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[68]  Andriy I. Bandos,et al.  Comparison of digital mammography alone and digital mammography plus tomosynthesis in a population-based screening program. , 2013, Radiology.

[69]  C. D'Orsi,et al.  Diagnostic Performance of Digital Versus Film Mammography for Breast-Cancer Screening , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[70]  J. Baker,et al.  Computer-aided detection (CAD) in screening mammography: sensitivity of commercial CAD systems for detecting architectural distortion. , 2003, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[71]  T. Freer,et al.  Screening mammography with computer-aided detection: prospective study of 12,860 patients in a community breast center. , 2001, Radiology.

[72]  I Sechopoulos,et al.  Review of radiation dose estimates in digital breast tomosynthesis relative to those in two-view full-field digital mammography. , 2015, Breast.

[73]  Susan M Astley,et al.  Single reading with computer-aided detection and double reading of screening mammograms in the United Kingdom National Breast Screening Program. , 2006, Radiology.

[74]  Christoph I. Lee,et al.  Computer-aided detection in mammography: downstream effect on diagnostic testing, ductal carcinoma in situ treatment, and costs. , 2014, JAMA internal medicine.

[75]  P. Skaane.  Studies comparing screen-film mammography and full-field digital mammography in breast cancer screening: Updated review , 2009, Acta radiologica.