Stiffness evaluation and damage identification in composite beam under tension using Lamb waves

Abstract This paper precisely investigated stiffness changes in cross-ply CFRP laminates loaded in tension using Lamb waves. Young’s modulus was obtained as a function of applied strain by in situ measurement of the velocity of the extensional mode during the tensile test. The modulus exhibited a complicated behavior due to stiffening of the 0° plies and transverse cracks. The effect of the stiffening on the modulus was evaluated by the rule of mixtures and the effect of the cracks alone was successfully deduced. The experimental modulus reduction due to the cracks was predicted by a shear-lag analysis including the stiffening effect. Consequently, this study demonstrated that in situ measurement of the wave velocity can quantitatively evaluate damage in the loaded laminates. Furthermore, a new linear location method using the calculated in situ wave velocity was proposed. A dramatic improvement in location accuracy was obtained compared with the conventional method.

[1]  Peter Cawley,et al.  Optimization of lamb wave inspection techniques , 1992 .

[2]  Martine Wevers,et al.  Modal analysis of acoustic emission signals from CFRP laminates , 1999 .

[3]  T. S. Barry,et al.  Lamb Wave Assessment of Fatigue and Thermal Damage in Composites , 1998 .

[4]  Peter W. R. Beaumont,et al.  Matrix cracking and stiffness reduction during the fatigue of a (0/90)s GFRP laminate , 1985 .

[5]  Costas Soutis,et al.  Real-time nondestructive evaluation of fiber composite laminates using low-frequency Lamb waves. , 2002, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[6]  T. Ishikawa,et al.  Hardening non-linear behaviour in longitudinal tension of unidirectional carbon composites , 1985 .

[7]  Ajit K. Mal,et al.  Plate Wave Characterization of Stiffness Degradation in Composites During Fatigue , 1998 .

[8]  N. Toyama,et al.  An investigation of non-linear elastic behavior of CFRP laminates and strain measurement using Lamb waves , 2004 .

[9]  E. Moulin,et al.  Health monitoring of a composite wingbox structure. , 2004, Ultrasonics.

[10]  Paul A. Lagace.  Nonlinear Stress-Strain Behavior of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates , 1985 .

[11]  K E Jackson,et al.  Advanced waveform-based acoustic emission detection of matrix cracking in composites , 1995 .

[12]  N. Toyama,et al.  Quantitative damage detection in cross-ply laminates using Lamb wave method , 2003 .

[13]  Yiu-Wing Mai,et al.  Delamination detection in smart composite beams using Lamb waves , 2004 .

[14]  F. Livingstone,et al.  Review of progress in quantitative NDE: Williamsburg, VA, USA, 21–26 June 1987 , 1988 .

[15]  David R. Owen,et al.  Finite Elements in Plasticity , 1980 .

[16]  Ningqun Guo,et al.  Lamb wave reflection for the quick nondestructive evaluation of large composite laminates , 1994 .

[17]  Vinay Dayal,et al.  Leaky Lamb waves in an anisotropic plate. II: Nondestructive evaluation of matrix cracks in fiber-reinforced composites , 1991 .

[18]  J. Milne,et al.  Non-Hookean Behaviour of Strong Carbon Fibres , 1968, Nature.

[19]  S. L. Ogin,et al.  Modelling of 90° Ply Cracking in Crossply Laminates, Including Three-Dimensional Effects , 1993 .

[20]  J. Assaad,et al.  Design of optimal configuration for generating A0 Lamb mode in a composite plate using piezoceramic transducers. , 2002, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[21]  M. Lowe,et al.  DISPERSE: A GENERAL PURPOSE PROGRAM FOR CREATING DISPERSION CURVES , 1997 .

[22]  Nobuo Takeda,et al.  In situ observation and probabilistic prediction of microscopic failure processes in CFRP cross-ply laminates , 1994 .

[23]  J. Takatsubo,et al.  Lamb wave method for quick inspection of impact-induced delamination in composite laminates , 2004 .