Sodium carboxymethylation-functionalized chitosan fibers for cutaneous wound healing application

A water absorption biomaterial, sodium carboxymethylation-functionalized chitosan fibers (Na-NOCC fibers) were prepared, applied for cutaneous wound repair, and characterized by FTIR and NMR. The water absorption of Na-NOCC fibers increased significantly with substitution degree rising, from 3.2 to 6.8 g/g, and higher than that of chitosan fibers (2.2 g/g) confirmed by swelling behavior. In the antibacterial action, the high degree of substitution of Na-NOCC fibers exhibited stronger antibacterial activities against E. coli (from 66.54% up to 88.86%). The inhibition of Na-NOCC fibers against S. aureus were above 90%, and more effective than E. coli. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that Na-NOCC2 fibers were no obvious cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblasts. Wound healing test and histological examination showed that significantly advanced granulation tissue and capillary formation in the healing-impaired wounds treated with Na-NOCC fibers, as compared to those treated with gauze, which demonstrated that Na- NOCC fibers could promote skin repair and might have great application for wound healing.

[1]  D. King,et al.  Hydrophobically-modified chitosan foam: description and hemostatic efficacy. , 2015, The Journal of surgical research.

[2]  In-Yong Kim,et al.  Chitosan and its derivatives for tissue engineering applications. , 2008, Biotechnology advances.

[3]  N. Kubota,et al.  A simple preparation of half N-acetylated chitosan highly soluble in water and aqueous organic solvents. , 2000, Carbohydrate research.

[4]  Z. Gu,et al.  Investigation of the skin repair and healing mechanism of N‐carboxymethyl chitosan in second‐degree burn wounds , 2013, Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society.

[5]  Lina Zhang,et al.  Structure and Properties of Cellulose Films Reinforced by Chitin Whiskers , 2013 .

[6]  Yan Zhao,et al.  Preparation of N, O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan with Different Substitutional Degree and its Application for Hemostasis , 2013 .

[7]  Ming Kong,et al.  Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review. , 2010, International journal of food microbiology.

[8]  H. Gu,et al.  Construction, application and biosafety of silver nanocrystalline chitosan wound dressing. , 2008, Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries.

[9]  Weilin Xu,et al.  Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl-Functionalized Chitosan Fiber , 2015 .

[10]  Yimin Qin,et al.  Effect of carboxymethylation on the absorption and chelating properties of chitosan fibers , 2006 .

[11]  Hua Zheng,et al.  Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan sulfate for improved cell proliferation of skin fibroblasts. , 2013, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[12]  Zhaoliang Zhang,et al.  Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility evaluation of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan/oxidized alginate hydrogel for drug delivery application. , 2012, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[13]  M. Miraftab,et al.  A new carbohydrate-based wound dressing fibre with superior absorption and antimicrobial potency. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[14]  R. P. Tewari,et al.  Biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosans. , 2013, Carbohydrate polymers.

[15]  A. Wells,et al.  Antimicrobial activities of silver used as a polymerization catalyst for a wound-healing matrix. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[16]  Chunxia Wang,et al.  Preparation and properties of polyester fabrics grafted with O-carboxymethyl chitosan. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[17]  Xiguang Chen,et al.  Biomaterials based on N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan fibers in wound dressing applications. , 2016, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[18]  S. Nair,et al.  Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of chitosan, O-carboxymethyl and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles , 2009 .

[19]  M. Miraftab,et al.  Absorbent alginate fibres modified with hydrolysed chitosan for wound care dressings--II. Pilot scale development. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[20]  L. Applegate,et al.  Optimized synthesis of O-carboxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan. , 2015, Carbohydrate polymers.

[21]  Shingo Nakamura,et al.  Hydrogel blends of chitin/chitosan, fucoidan and alginate as healing-impaired wound dressings. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[22]  S. Hudson,et al.  Review of Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents and Their Uses as Textile Chemicals , 2003 .

[23]  S. Moochhala,et al.  Development of a chitosan-based wound dressing with improved hemostatic and antimicrobial properties. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[24]  Weilin Xu,et al.  Potential of quaternization-functionalized chitosan fiber for wound dressing. , 2013, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[25]  S. Hudson,et al.  Application of a fiber-reactive chitosan derivative to cotton fabric as an antimicrobial textile finish , 2004 .

[26]  Pornanong Aramwit,et al.  An innovative bi-layered wound dressing made of silk and gelatin for accelerated wound healing. , 2012, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[27]  J. Desbrières,et al.  An infrared investigation in relation with chitin and chitosan characterization , 2001 .

[28]  R. Muzzarelli.  Chitins and chitosans for the repair of wounded skin, nerve, cartilage and bone , 2009 .

[29]  Hitoshi Sashiwa,et al.  Chemically modified chitin and chitosan as biomaterials , 2004 .

[30]  F. Tanfani,et al.  N-(carboxymethylidene)chitosans and N-(carboxymethyl)chitosans: Novel chelating polyampholytes obtained from chitosan glyoxylate , 1982 .

[31]  M. Rinaudo,et al.  Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications , 2006 .

[32]  Qinjie Wu,et al.  A biodegradable hydrogel system containing curcumin encapsulated in micelles for cutaneous wound healing. , 2013, Biomaterials.

[33]  B. Han,et al.  Synthesis, characterization and biological safety of O-carboxymethyl chitosan used to treat Sarcoma 180 tumor , 2011 .

[34]  S. Hudson,et al.  Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a water-soluble chitosan derivative with a fiber-reactive group. , 2004, Carbohydrate research.

[35]  H. Park,et al.  Chemical characteristics of O-carboxymethyl chitosans related to the preparation conditions , 2003 .

[36]  Xian‐Zheng Zhang,et al.  Biotinylated transferrin/avidin/biotinylated disulfide containing PEI bioconjugates mediated p53 gene delivery system for tumor targeted transfection. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[37]  H. Sahl,et al.  Insights into the Mode of Action of Chitosan as an Antibacterial Compound , 2008, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[38]  R. P. Tewari,et al.  The implications of recent advances in carboxymethyl chitosan based targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. , 2014, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[39]  Xiang-Ping Kong.  Simultaneous determination of degree of deacetylation, degree of substitution and distribution fraction of –COONa in carboxymethyl chitosan by potentiometric titration , 2012 .