Mobile sink and power management for efficient data dissemination in wireless sensor networks

Data dissemination in wireless sensor networks is the main goal and the final waited objective of the sensor network deployment. In such environment which consists of a large number of low cost devices, sensor nodes generate sensed data of stimulus and forward them to sinks via wireless multi-hops communication. In typical wireless sensor network, the sensor nodes are equipped with irreplaceable batteries and characterized by limited computing capability. Therefore, minimizing the energy consumption of the sensor nodes and thus maximizing the lifetime of sensor networks is one of the most important research issues. In this paper, we present new data dissemination protocol based energy-efficient called energy-based data dissemination protocol. In this protocol, we propose new energy management scheme using a dynamic power threshold and we introduce also new sink mobility scheme to balance the network load between sensor nodes and thus improve the performances. Firstly, in the initialization phase, the sensor nodes organized under clusters and cluster head should be selected for each cluster. Secondly, in the data dissemination phase, the cluster head collects and transmits the sensed data based on the data dissemination process. In this phase, sensor sink may move toward any cluster based on its sensed data frequency to minimize energy consumption of sensor nodes near the fixed sinks due to relaying of large amount of data. The simulation result shows that the proposal protocol permits to reduce the energy consumption and prolong the network life.