Les peptides antimicrobiens cationiques : des médicaments de l'arsenal thérapeutique anti-infectieux de demain

Les peptides antimicrobiens sont consideres comme l'un des elements cles de la defense immunitaire innee des organismes multicellulaires. Il s'agit d'un ensemble de peptides cationiques et amphiphiles, composes de 20 a 50 acides amines, decouvrant une grande diversite structurale. Ils presentent un large spectre d'activite antibacterienne et antifongique. Le mode d'action de ces peptides antimicrobiens est surtout bien connu pour les cecropines et les magainines qui tuent les micro-organismes en permeabilisant leur membrane par un effet de type detergent ou par la formation de pores. Plusieurs molecules sont actuellement en cours de developpement, et pourraient prendre place parmi les medicaments de l'arsenal therapeutique anti-infectieux de demain.

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