Noise radiation from a ducted rotor in a swirling-translating flow

This paper investigates the noise radiation produced by a rotor inside a duct, which is convected by a swirling-translating mean flow. The study is based on an extension of Gennaretti's and Morino's boundary element method to the frequency domain for scattering problems in conjunction with a spinning rotor source model in the presence of a swirl flow. The proposed formulation is validated against exact solutions and is further used to investigate the effects of the translating flow Mach number and swirling flow angular velocity on noise radiation to the far field. The scattered sound is highly affected by the convecting mean flow. The modal content of the scattered field increases when increasing the translating flow Mach number, while a swirling flow leads to a reduction of the mode propagation, if co-rotating with respect to the azimuthal order of the spinning source, or an increase of the modal content, if counter-rotating with respect to the source. In general, the mean translating flow moves the main lobes of the directivity patterns downstream, while in some cases the mean swirling flow neglects this effect and the downstream lobe is completely shifted.

[1]  Robert Piessens,et al.  Quadpack: A Subroutine Package for Automatic Integration , 2011 .

[2]  Hafiz M. Atassi,et al.  Scattering of Acoustic Waves by a Rotor , 2008 .

[3]  R. Hixon,et al.  Modal Decomposition of Rotor Wake-Stator Interaction Noise in a Swirling Shear Flow , 2007 .

[4]  Christopher K. W. Tam,et al.  Recent advances in computational aeroacoustics , 2006 .

[5]  Nigel Peake,et al.  Algebraic and exponential instability of inviscid swirling flow , 2006, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[6]  Phillip Joseph,et al.  Determining the strength of rotating broadband sources in ducts by inverse methods , 2006 .

[7]  Duck-Joo Lee,et al.  Development of the numerical method for calculating sound radiation from a rotating dipole source in an opened thin duct , 2006 .

[8]  Stéphane Caro,et al.  New Advances in the Use of Actran/TM for Nacelle Simulations and optimisation of IBM clusters for Actran parallel computations , 2006 .

[9]  M. Roger,et al.  Aft Fan Noise Shielding by a Lifting Surface: Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Results , 2006 .

[10]  Alain Berry,et al.  Control of tonal noise from subsonic axial fan. Part 1: reconstruction of aeroacoustic sources from far-field sound pressure , 2005 .

[11]  Stephane Redonnet,et al.  Numerical simulations of fan interaction noise using a hybrid approach , 2005 .

[12]  Eric Manoha,et al.  Numerical Simulation of Aircraft Engine Installation Acoustic Effects , 2005 .

[13]  Steven A. E. Miller,et al.  Prediction of Fan Exhaust Noise Propagation , 2005 .

[14]  Stephane Redonnet,et al.  Numerical Simulation of the Downstream Fan Noise of 3D Coaxial Engines , 2005 .

[15]  Isabelle Terrasse,et al.  Numerical Methods: Fast Multipole Method for Shielding Effects , 2005 .

[16]  Nigel Peake,et al.  Upstream-radiated rotor–stator interaction noise in mean swirling flow , 2005, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[17]  Nigel Peake,et al.  Acoustic Resonance in Aeroengine Intake Ducts , 2004 .

[18]  Frank Thiele,et al.  Noise Prediction and Optimization System for Turbofan Engine Inlet Duct Design , 2004 .

[19]  Damiano Casalino,et al.  GFD Predictions of Fan Noise Propagation , 2004 .

[20]  M. Roger,et al.  Acoustic Radiation Modeling of Engine Exhaust. Comparisons Between Analytical and Numerical Methods , 2004 .

[21]  Yueping Guo,et al.  Validation of Acoustic Propagation Code with JT15D Static and Flight Test Data , 2004 .

[22]  Thomas Hahn,et al.  Cuba - a library for multidimensional numerical integration , 2004, Comput. Phys. Commun..

[23]  Philip A. Nelson,et al.  A numerical method for computation of sound radiation from an unflanged duct , 2004 .

[24]  Hafiz M. Atassi,et al.  Scattering of incident disturbances by an annular cascade in a swirling flow , 2004, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[25]  Duck-Joo Lee,et al.  A numerical study on the flow and sound fields of centrifugal impeller located near a wedge , 2003 .

[26]  C. Polacsek,et al.  Fan interaction noise reduction using a wake generator: experiments and computational aeroacoustics , 2003 .

[27]  A. Lyrintzis.  Surface Integral Methods in Computational Aeroacoustics—From the (CFD) Near-Field to the (Acoustic) Far-Field , 2003 .

[28]  M. Carley,et al.  THE SOUND FIELD OF A ROTOR IN A STATIONARY DUCT , 2003 .

[29]  Nigel Peake,et al.  High-wavenumber acoustic radiation from a thin-walled scarfed cylinder , 2002 .

[30]  G. Keith,et al.  HIGH-WAVENUMBER ACOUSTIC RADIATION FROM A THIN-WALLED AXISYMMETRIC CYLINDER , 2002 .

[31]  Xin Zhang,et al.  Computation of spinning modal radiation from an unflanged duct , 2002 .

[32]  Nigel Peake,et al.  Propagation of unsteady disturbances in a slowly varying duct with mean swirling flow , 2001, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[33]  Michel Roger,et al.  Acoustic radiation modelling of aeroengine intake comparison between analytical and numerical methods , 2001 .

[34]  Nigel Peake,et al.  Trapped acoustic modes in aeroengine intakes with swirling flow , 2000, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[35]  O. Atassi,et al.  Acoustic eigenmodes in a coannular duct with a general swirling flow , 2000 .

[36]  Michael Carley,et al.  Propeller noise fields , 2000 .

[37]  F. Farassat,et al.  The Application of a Boundary Integral Equation Method to the Prediction of Ducted Fan Engine Noise , 1999 .

[38]  Pierre Sagaut,et al.  Towards the use of boundary element method in computational aeroacoustics , 1999 .

[39]  Christopher K. W. Tam,et al.  The wave modes in ducted swirling flows , 1998, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[40]  M. Bittner,et al.  THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL DtN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR RADIATION PROBLEMS OF THE HELMHOLTZ EQUATION , 1998 .

[41]  Vladimir V. Golubev,et al.  ACOUSTIC–VORTICITY WAVES IN SWIRLING FLOWS , 1998 .

[42]  M. K. Myers,et al.  Radiation of Sound From a Point Source in a Short Duct , 1997 .

[43]  F. Farassat,et al.  An Analytical Comparison of the Acoustic Analogy and Kirchhoff Formulation for Moving Surfaces , 1997 .

[44]  Massimo Gennaretti,et al.  A Unified Boundary Integral Methodology for Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics of Rotors , 1997 .

[45]  Kenneth Kousen,et al.  Pressure modes in ducted flows with swirl , 1996 .

[46]  F. Farassat,et al.  The Prediction of Ducted Fan Engine Noise Via a Boundary Integral Equation Method , 1996 .

[47]  T. Wu,et al.  A COUPLED FEM/BEM FORMULATION FOR ACOUSTIC RADIATION IN A SUBSONIC NON-UNIFORM FLOW , 1996 .

[48]  Jack Dongarra,et al.  PVM: Parallel virtual machine: a users' guide and tutorial for networked parallel computing , 1995 .

[49]  Ed Anderson,et al.  LAPACK Users' Guide , 1995 .

[50]  A. Lyrintzis.  Review: the use of Kirchhoff's method in computational aeroacoustics , 1994 .

[51]  C. J. Chapman,et al.  Sound radiation from a cylindrical duct. Part 1. Ray structure of the duct modes and of the external field , 1994, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[52]  T. Wu,et al.  A direct boundary integral formulation for acoustic radiation in a subsonic uniform flow , 1994 .

[53]  Luigi Morino,et al.  Boundary Integral Equations in Aerodynamics , 1993 .

[54]  Walter Eversman,et al.  Ducted fan acoustic radiation including the effects of nonuniform mean flow and acoustic treatment , 1993 .

[55]  Takao Tsuchiya,et al.  Finite element simulation of non-linear sound wave propagation , 1992 .

[56]  L. Morino,et al.  A boundary element method for the potential, compressible aerodynamics of bodies in arbitrary motion , 1992, The Aeronautical Journal (1968).

[57]  Terje O. Espelid,et al.  An adaptive algorithm for the approximate calculation of multiple integrals , 1991, TOMS.

[58]  R. J. Astley,et al.  A three-dimensional boundary element scheme for acoustic radiation in low mach number flows , 1986 .

[59]  M. A. Hamdi,et al.  Sound radiation from ducts: Theory and experiment , 1986 .

[60]  T. C. Tszeng,et al.  Propagation and radiation of sound in a finite length duct , 1984 .

[61]  Allan D. Pierce,et al.  Acoustics , 1989 .

[62]  R. J. Astley,et al.  Acoustic Transmission in Non-Uniform Ducts with Mean Flow, Part II: The Finite Element Method , 1981 .

[63]  M. K. Myers,et al.  On the acoustic boundary condition in the presence of flow , 1980 .

[64]  Charles L. Lawson,et al.  Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms for Fortran Usage , 1979, TOMS.

[65]  K. Taylor,et al.  Acoustic generation by vibrating bodies in homentropic potential flow at low Mach number , 1979 .

[66]  J. L. Kerrebrock,et al.  Small disturbances in turbomachine annuli with swirl , 1977 .

[67]  Luigi Morino,et al.  Steady and Oscillatory Subsonic and Supersonic Aerodynamics around Complex Configurations , 1975 .

[68]  Luigi Morino,et al.  A General Theory of Unsteady Compressible Potential Aerodynamics , 1974 .

[69]  G. F. Miller,et al.  The application of integral equation methods to the numerical solution of some exterior boundary-value problems , 1971, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[70]  D. L. Hawkings,et al.  Sound generation by turbulence and surfaces in arbitrary motion , 1969, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[71]  H. A. Schenck.  Improved Integral Formulation for Acoustic Radiation Problems , 1968 .

[72]  M. V. Lowson,et al.  The sound field for singularities in motion , 1965, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[73]  M. Lighthill,et al.  The Bakerian Lecture, 1961 Sound generated aerodynamically , 1962, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[74]  J. Keller,et al.  Geometrical theory of diffraction. , 1962, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[75]  M. Lighthill.  On sound generated aerodynamically II. Turbulence as a source of sound , 1954, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[76]  I. E. Garrick,et al.  A theoretical study of the effect of forward speed on the free-space sound-pressure field around propellers , 1953 .

[77]  M. Lighthill.  On sound generated aerodynamically I. General theory , 1952, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[78]  J. Schwinger,et al.  On the Radiation of Sound from an Unflanged Circular Pipe , 1948 .

[79]  David A. Venditti,et al.  Spectral-Element/Kirchhoff Method for Fan-Tone Directivity Calculations , 2005 .

[80]  Fereidoun Farassat,et al.  The Development of the Ducted Fan Noise Propagation and Radiation Code CDUCT-LaRC , 2003 .

[81]  Vladimir V. Golubev,et al.  Unsteady Swirling Flows in Annular Cascades, Part 1: Evolution of Incident Disturbances , 2000 .

[82]  Jack Dongarra,et al.  MPI: The Complete Reference , 1996 .

[83]  Satya N. Atluri,et al.  Computational nonlinear mechanics in aerospace engineering , 1992 .

[84]  F. G. Leppington,et al.  Modern Methods in Analytical Acoustics , 1992 .

[85]  P. K. Banerjee,et al.  Boundary element methods in nonlinear fluid dynamics , 1990 .

[86]  Jack Dongarra,et al.  ScaLAPACK Users' Guide , 1987 .

[87]  R. Kress,et al.  Integral equation methods in scattering theory , 1983 .

[88]  T. G. Sofrin,et al.  Axial Flow Compressor Noise Studies , 1962 .

[89]  R. Leis.  Über das neumannsche randwertproblem für die helmholtzsche schwingungsgleichung , 1958 .

[90]  L. Rayleigh,et al.  The theory of sound , 1894 .