A miniaturized rat-race coupler with arbitrary power division using dual transmission lines

In this paper, the dual transmission line is exploited to implement a miniaturized rat-race coupler with an arbitrary power division ratio. The dual transmission line is composed of two parallel-connected high-impedance transmission lines with unequal electrical lengths. It has the advantage of the circuit layout flexibility and the circuit size reduction. The developed rat-race coupler only occupies a 41.5 % circuit size of the conventional one.