Resonant metasurfaces at oblique incidence: interplay of order and disorder

Understanding the impact of order and disorder is of fundamental importance to perceive and to appreciate the functionality of modern photonic metasurfaces. Metasurfaces with disordered and amorphous inner arrangements promise to mitigate problems that arise for their counterparts with strictly periodic lattices of elementary unit cells such as, e.g., spatial dispersion, and allows the use of fabrication techniques that are suitable for large scale and cheap fabrication of metasurfaces. In this study, we analytically, numerically and experimentally investigate metasurfaces with different lattice arrangements and uncover the influence of lattice disorder on their electromagnetic properties. The considered metasurfaces are composed of metal-dielectric-metal elements that sustain both electric and magnetic resonances. Emphasis is placed on understanding the effect of the transition of the lattice symmetry from a periodic to an amorphous state and on studying oblique illumination. For this scenario, we develop a powerful analytical model that yields, for the first time, an adequate description of the scattering properties of amorphous metasurfaces, paving the way for their integration into future applications.

[1]  André C. Arsenault,et al.  Nanochemistry: A Chemical Approach to Nanomaterials , 2005 .

[2]  Y. Kivshar,et al.  Suppression of left-handed properties in disordered metamaterials , 2004, physics/0411208.

[3]  R. Wood,et al.  On a Remarkable Case of Uneven Distribution of Light in a Diffraction Grating Spectrum , 1902 .

[4]  Yuri S Kivshar,et al.  Effect of microscopic disorder on magnetic properties of metamaterials. , 2006, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[5]  J. Pendry,et al.  Negative refraction makes a perfect lens , 2000, Physical review letters.

[6]  Mikael Käll,et al.  Gold-silica-gold nanosandwiches: tunable bimodal plasmonic resonators. , 2007, Small.

[7]  Carsten Rockstuhl,et al.  Scattering properties of meta-atoms , 2011 .

[8]  Andreas Tünnermann,et al.  Effective properties of amorphous metamaterials , 2009 .

[9]  Zhaowei Liu,et al.  Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires , 2008, Science.

[10]  Federico Capasso,et al.  Self-Assembled Plasmonic Nanoparticle Clusters , 2010, Science.

[11]  Yuri S. Kivshar,et al.  Fano Resonances in Nanoscale Structures , 2010 .

[12]  K. Kern,et al.  Direct near-field optical imaging of higher order plasmonic resonances. , 2008, Nano letters.

[13]  David R. Smith,et al.  Metamaterials and Negative Refractive Index , 2004, Science.

[14]  F. Capolino.  Applications of Metamaterials , 2009 .

[15]  L. Rayleigh.  III. Note on the remarkable case of diffraction spectra described by Prof. Wood , 1907 .

[16]  Andreas Tünnermann,et al.  Effects of anisotropic disorder in an optical metamaterial , 2011 .

[17]  Allen Taflove,et al.  Computational Electrodynamics the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , 1995 .

[18]  Zhen Tian,et al.  Random terahertz metamaterials , 2010 .

[19]  Vladimir M. Shalaev,et al.  Electrodynamics of Metamaterials , 2007 .

[20]  Tian Jiang,et al.  Subwavelength imaging with compensated anisotropic bilayers realized by transmission-line metamaterials , 2007 .

[21]  Ghiner,et al.  Method of integral equations and an extinction theorem in bulk and surface phenomena in nonlinear optics. , 1994, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[22]  R. Wood.  XLII. On a remarkable case of uneven distribution of light in a diffraction grating spectrum , 1902 .

[23]  C. Holloway,et al.  Averaged transition conditions for electromagnetic fields at a metafilm , 2003 .

[24]  Sergei A. Tretyakov,et al.  Electromagnetics of bi-anisotropic materials: Theory and applications , 2001 .

[25]  N. Engheta,et al.  Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations , 2006 .

[26]  C. Holloway,et al.  A discussion on the interpretation and characterization of metafilms/metasurfaces: The two-dimensional equivalent of metamaterials , 2009 .

[27]  Ghiner,et al.  Method of integral equations and an extinction theorem for two-dimensional problems in nonlinear optics. , 1994, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[28]  John William Strutt.  Scientific Papers: Note on the remarkable case of Diffraction Spectra described by Prof. Wood , 2009 .

[29]  Saulius Juodkazis,et al.  Surface plasmon resonances in periodic and random patterns of gold nano-disks for broadband light harvesting. , 2012, Optics express.

[30]  M. Zäch,et al.  Oscillatory optical response of an amorphous two-dimensional array of gold nanoparticles. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[31]  José Manuel López-Alonso,et al.  Toy model to describe the effect of positional blocklike disorder in metamaterials composites , 2012 .

[32]  Constantin R. Simovski,et al.  Electromagnetic characterization of substrated metasurfaces , 2011 .

[33]  Allen Taflove,et al.  Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain Analysis , 2005 .

[34]  U. Chettiar,et al.  Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials. , 2005, Optics letters.

[35]  S. Glotzer,et al.  Anisotropy of building blocks and their assembly into complex structures. , 2007, Nature materials.

[36]  Xueqin Huang,et al.  Electric and magnetic resonances in broadside coupled split ring resonators: An extended mode-expansion theory , 2008, 2008 International Workshop on Metamaterials.

[37]  M. Albooyeh,et al.  Effective electric and magnetic properties of metasurfaces in transition from crystalline to amorphous state , 2012, 1201.5800.

[38]  Nikolay I. Zheludev,et al.  Coherent and incoherent metamaterials and order-disorder transitions , 2008, 0809.2361.