Location Planning of Charging Stations for Electric City Buses Considering Battery Ageing Effects

Electrification of public transport is one important pillar of sustainable urban planning. However, the infrastructure is still costly and a cost-efficient solution crucial. Costs and effectiveness depend mainly on the number and location of charging stations as well as on the batteries’ capacities. Here, also the ageing, i.e. the loss in capacity must be taken into account. Thus, we introduce the Charging Stations Location Problem with Battery Ageing (CSLP-BA). We present a mixed integer model with multiple periods, enhanced by a battery ageing function to solve the problem. To evaluate the model, we give an overview of our results obtained from real world data of the bus network of Mannheim and contrast them with the present configuration used in Mannheim.