Ethanol production from glucose and dilute-acid hydrolyzates by encapsulated S. cerevisiae.

The performance of encapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 in anaerobic cultivation of glucose, in the presence and absence of furfural as well as in dilute-acid hydrolyzates, was investigated. The cultivation of encapsulated cells in 10 sequential batches in synthetic media resulted in linear increase of biomass up to 106 g/L of capsule volume, while the ethanol productivity remained constant at 5.15 (+/-0.17) g/L x h (for batches 6-10). The cells had average ethanol and glycerol yields of 0.464 and 0.056 g/g in these 10 batches. Addition of 5 g/L furfural decreased the ethanol productivity to a value of 1.31 (+/-0.10) g/L x h with the encapsulated cells, but it was stable in this range for five consecutive batches. On the other hand, the furfural decreased the ethanol yield to 0.41-0.42 g/g and increased the yield of acetic acid drastically up to 0.068 g/g. No significant lag phase was observed in any of these experiments. The encapsulated cells were also used to cultivate two different types of dilute-acid hydrolyzates. While the free cells were not able to ferment the hydrolyzates within at least 24 h, the encapsulated yeast successfully converted glucose and mannose in both of the hydrolyzates in less than 10 h with no significant lag phase. However, since the hydrolyzates were too toxic, the encapsulated cells lost their activity gradually in sequential batches.