Ontology-driven document enrichment: principles, tools and applications

In this paper, we present an approach to document enrichment, which consists of developing and integrating formal knowledge models with archives of documents, to provide intelligent knowledge retrieval and (possibly) additional knowledge-intensive services, beyond what is currently available using “standard” information retrieval and search facilities. Our approach is ontology-driven, in the sense that the construction of the knowledge model is carried out in a top-down fashion, by populating a given ontology, rather than in a bottom-up fashion, by annotating a particular document. In this paper, we give an overview of the approach and we examine the various types of issues (e.g. modelling, organizational and user interface issues) which need to be tackled to effectively deploy our approach in the workplace. In addition, we also discuss a number of technologies we have developed to support ontology-driven document enrichment and we illustrate our ideas in the domains of electronic news publishing, scholarly discourse and medical guidelines.

[1]  Albert M. Selvin.  Supporting Collaborative Analysis and Design with Hypertext Functionality , 1999, J. Digit. Inf..

[2]  V. R. Benjamins,et al.  WonderTools? A comparative study of ontological engineering tools , 2000, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[3]  Alberto Riva,et al.  LispWeb: A Specialized HTTP Server for Distributed AI Applications , 1996, Comput. Networks.

[4]  Richard W. Weyhrauch,et al.  Prolegomena to a Theory of Mechanized Formal Reasoning , 1980, Artif. Intell..

[5]  G.A.C.M. van Heijst,et al.  The Role of Ontologies in Knowledge Engineering , 1995 .

[6]  John F. Sowa,et al.  Building large knowledge-based systems: Representation and inference in the cyc project: D.B. Lenat and R.V. Guha , 1993 .

[7]  Enrico Motta,et al.  Representing Scholarly Claims in Internet Digital Libraries: A Knowledge Modelling Approach , 1999, ECDL.

[8]  Henry Lieberman,et al.  Letizia: An Agent That Assists Web Browsing , 1995, IJCAI.

[9]  John F. Sowa,et al.  Top-level ontological categories , 1995, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[10]  Ron Owston,et al.  Knowledge Base Construction as a Pedagogical Activity , 1993 .

[11]  Marc Eisenstadt,et al.  The Knowledge Web: Learning and Collaborating on the Net. Open and Distance Learning Series. , 1998 .

[12]  Asunción Gómez-Pérez,et al.  Knowledge Management through Ontologies , 1998, PAKM.

[13]  Mark A. Musen.  Automated generation of model-based knowledge acquisition tools , 1989 .

[14]  Ramanathan V. Guha,et al.  Building large knowledge-based systems , 1989 .

[15]  Steven L. Tanimoto,et al.  VIVA: A visual language for image processing , 1990, J. Vis. Lang. Comput..

[16]  Henrik Eriksson,et al.  Generation of knowledge-acquisition tools from domain ontologies , 1994, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[17]  Marc Eisenstadt,et al.  THE KNOWLEDGE WEB , 1998 .

[18]  Nicolaas J. I. Mars,et al.  Bottom-Up Construction of Ontologies , 1998, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng..

[19]  Stefan Wess,et al.  Enriching Representations of Work to Support Organisational Learning , 1998, OM.

[20]  D.E. O'Leary,et al.  Knowledge-Management Systems: Converting and Connecting , 1998, IEEE Intelligent Systems and their Applications.

[21]  John Domingue,et al.  Tadzebao and WebOnto: discussing, browsing, and editing ontologies on the Web , 1998 .

[22]  Robert M. MacGregor.  Using a description classifier to enhance deductive inference , 1991, [1991] Proceedings. The Seventh IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Application.

[23]  Andreas Girgensohn,et al.  Dynamic forms: an enhanced interaction abstraction based on forms , 1995, INTERACT.

[24]  Simon Buckingham Shum,et al.  From documents to discourse: shifting conceptions of scholarly publishing , 1998, CHI.

[25]  Enrico Motta,et al.  A Knowledge-Based News Server Supporting Ontology-Driven Story Enrichment and Knowledge Retrieval , 1999, EKAW.

[26]  Mottaenrico,et al.  Ontology-driven document enrichment , 2000 .

[27]  Bruce Krulwich,et al.  The InfoFinder Agent: Learning User Interests through Heuristic Phrase Extraction , 1997, IEEE Expert.

[28]  Yuval Shahar,et al.  Automatic generation of ontology editors , 1999 .

[29]  Michael Uschold,et al.  Ontologies: principles, methods and applications , 1996, The Knowledge Engineering Review.

[30]  Enrico Motta,et al.  Visual Knowledge Engineering , 1990, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[31]  Ramanathan V. Guha,et al.  Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project , 1990 .

[32]  Jeff Heflin,et al.  Reading Between the Lines: Using SHOE to Discover Implicit Knowledge from the Web , 1998 .

[33]  Norbert E. Fuchs.  Specifications are (preferably) executable , 1992, Softw. Eng. J..

[34]  Dieter Fensel,et al.  Ontobroker: The Very High Idea , 1998, FLAIRS.

[35]  Mark H. Needleman.  Rdf , 2001 .

[36]  Thomas R. Gruber,et al.  A translation approach to portable ontology specifications , 1993 .