NiCoFe Ternary Alloy Deposition III. A Mathematical Model

A mathematical model is developed to describe NiCoFe ternary alloy deposition. The model assumes metal ion species are reduced in a two-step manner, forming mixed metal intermediate species that adsorb on the electrode surface. The simulation predicts the concentration dependence of both the inhibiting and catalytic effects observed during the ternary alloy deposition. High surface coverage by Fe intermediate species is responsible for not only the enhanced Fe deposition rate but also the inhibited Ni and Co rates. Only the cobalt rate exhibits both enhancement and inhibition at a given electrolyte concentration, which is captured by the model. This model is also a generalized one that can be used to simulate iron-group binary alloy codepositions for similar electrolytes.

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