459-462-Salehian Omid

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of natural honey supplementation on levels of plasma cytokines during 10 weeks of treadmill training in endurance-trained athletes. Twenty male endurance-trained athletes (age 20 years, weight 75 kg) participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to exercise supplement (E+S, n=10), and exercise control (EC, n=10) groups. All subjects participated in 10 weeks of intensive treadmill training. Venous blood samples were collected immediately after exercise (T1), 1 hour after exercise (T2) and 24 hours after exercise (T3). In the EC group, 10 weeks of training increased the seminal, IL-6, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) immediately after exercise (T1) , 1 h after exercise (T2), 24 hours after exercise (T3)(P<0.05). However, E+S group showed significant decrease in TNFα and IL-6 with a corresponding increase in IL1ra immediately after exercise (T1) , 1 h after exercise (T2) and 24 hours after exercise (T3) p<0.05. It is proposed that oral supplementation of honey decreases inflammatory cytokine such as IL-6 and TNFα with a corresponding increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL1ra.

[1]  T. Okoko,et al.  Inhibitory activity of quercetin and its metabolite on lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of macrophage U937 cells. , 2009, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[2]  Rong-Sen Yang,et al.  Cycling and Tai Chi Chuan exercises exert greater immunomodulatory effect on surface antigen expression of human hepatitis B virus. , 2008, Chinese medical journal.

[3]  A. Bast,et al.  Health effects of quercetin: from antioxidant to nutraceutical. , 2008, European journal of pharmacology.

[4]  Y. Kumazawa,et al.  Suppressive effects of the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin on the accumulation of lipid rafts after signal transduction via receptors. , 2008, Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology.

[5]  L. Chepulis.  Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine The Effects of Honey Compared With Sucrose and a Sugar-free Diet on Neutrophil Phagocytosis and Lymphocyte Numbers after Long-term Feeding in Rats , 2011 .

[6]  K. Saker.  Nutrition and immune function. , 2006, The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice.

[7]  C. Earnest,et al.  Low vs. High Glycemic Index Carbohydrate Gel Ingestion During Simulated 64‐km Cycling Time Trial Performance , 2004, Journal of strength and conditioning research.

[8]  D. Hughes,et al.  Diet and Human Immune Function , 2004, Nutrition and Health.

[9]  B. Pedersen,et al.  Glutamine supplementation further enhances exercise-induced plasma IL-6. , 2003, Journal of applied physiology.

[10]  J. Davis,et al.  Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run. , 2003, Journal of applied physiology.

[11]  C. Keen,et al.  Honey with high levels of antioxidants can provide protection to healthy human subjects. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[12]  B. Pedersen,et al.  The effect of graded exercise on IL‐6 release and glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle , 2003, The Journal of physiology.

[13]  G. R. Carter,et al.  Immunology: A Comprehensive Review , 2002 .

[14]  J. Davis,et al.  Cytokine changes after a marathon race. , 2001, Journal of applied physiology.

[15]  Peter Schjerling,et al.  Pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine balance in strenuous exercise in humans , 1999, The Journal of physiology.