The Role of Values, Moral Norms, and Descriptive Norms in Building Occupant Responses to an Energy-Efficiency Pilot Program and to Framing of Related Messages

This study examined building occupants' responses associated with an occupant-based energy-efficiency pilot in a university building. The influence of occupants’ values and norms as well as effects of two educational message frames (descriptive vs. moral norms cues) on program support were tested. Occupants’ personal moral norm to conserve energy predicted willingness to dress differently; perceptions that other occupants tried to conserve energy were related to increased intention to complain about the program. Those who received the descriptive-norms message were somewhat more likely to say they might complain about the program. Implications for communicating about similar energy-saving interventions in large organizations are discussed.

[1]  Noah J. Goldstein,et al.  Normative Social Influence is Underdetected , 2008, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

[2]  C. Vlek,et al.  Measurement and Determinants of Environmentally Significant Consumer Behavior , 2002 .

[3]  Carl A. Kallgren,et al.  A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. , 1990 .

[4]  Troy D. Abel,et al.  A Value-Belief-Norm Theory of Support for Social Movements: The Case of Environmentalism , 1999 .

[5]  Robb Willer,et al.  The Moral Roots of Environmental Attitudes , 2013, Psychological science.

[6]  S. Schwartz Beyond individualism/collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. , 1994 .

[7]  Philip Kotler,et al.  Social Marketing: Influencing Behaviors for Good , 1989 .

[8]  P. Stern,et al.  Gender, values, and environmentalism , 2002 .

[9]  E. Matthies,et al.  Responsibility and Environment , 2001 .

[10]  Laura M. Arpan,et al.  Motivating the Skeptical and Unconcerned: Considering Values, Worldviews, and Norms When Planning Messages Encouraging Energy Conservation and Efficiency Behaviors , 2013 .

[11]  Hillary C. Shulman,et al.  Testing the Effects of Social Norms and Behavioral Privacy on Hand Washing: A Field Experiment , 2013 .

[12]  P. Stern New Environmental Theories: Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior , 2000 .

[13]  Prabir Barooah,et al.  Experimental evaluation of occupancy-based energy-efficient climate control of VAV terminal units , 2015 .

[14]  Matthew C. Nisbet,et al.  Communicating Climate Change: Why Frames Matter for Public Engagement , 2009 .

[15]  F. Siero,et al.  Changing organizational energy consumption behaviour through comparative feedback , 1996 .

[16]  B. Latané,et al.  Bystander intervention in emergencies: diffusion of responsibility. , 1968, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[17]  T. Milfont,et al.  Testing the Moderating Role of the Components of Norm Activation on the Relationship Between Values and Environmental Behavior , 2010 .

[18]  G. Lakoff Why it Matters How We Frame the Environment , 2010 .

[19]  J. Lynes,et al.  The Use of Message Framing in the Promotion of Environmentally Sustainable Behaviors , 2011 .

[20]  F. Kaiser A moral extension of the theory of planned behavior: Norms and anticipated feelings of regret in conservationism. , 2006 .

[21]  Noah J. Goldstein,et al.  A Room with a Viewpoint: Using Social Norms to Motivate Environmental Conservation in Hotels , 2008 .

[22]  L. Steg,et al.  An Integrated Framework for Encouraging Pro-environmental Behaviour: The role of values, situational factors and goals , 2014 .

[23]  S. Bamberg,et al.  Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour , 2007 .

[24]  Linda Steg,et al.  Morality and Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Awareness, Responsibility, and Norms in the Norm Activation Model , 2009, The Journal of social psychology.

[25]  Rajiv N. Rimal,et al.  How Behaviors are Influenced by Perceived Norms : A Test of the Theory of Normative Social Behavior , 2005 .

[26]  L. Steg,et al.  Comparing the effectiveness of monetary versus moral motives in environmental campaigning , 2013 .

[27]  Peter J. Danaher,et al.  Comparing the Relative Effectiveness of Advertising Channels: A Case Study of a Multimedia Blitz Campaign , 2013 .

[28]  P. Schultz,et al.  Reframing Environmental Messages to be Congruent with , 2003 .

[29]  Robert W. Marans,et al.  The human dimension of energy conservation and sustainability: A case study of the University of Michigan's energy conservation program , 2010 .

[30]  Noah J. Goldstein,et al.  The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms , 2007, Psychological science.

[31]  A. Carrico,et al.  Motivating energy conservation in the workplace: An evaluation of the use of group-level feedback and peer education , 2011 .

[32]  A. Kollmuss,et al.  Mind the Gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? , 2002 .

[33]  P. Schultz,et al.  Reframing Environmental Messages to be Congruent with American Values , 2022 .

[34]  Charles A. Scherbaum,et al.  Exploring Individual‐Level Factors Related to Employee Energy‐Conservation Behaviors at Work , 2008 .

[35]  Leah C. Stokes,et al.  Analyzing Barriers to Energy Conservation in Residences and Offices: The Rewire Program at the University of Toronto , 2012 .

[36]  Mohammad. Rasul,et al.  Energy conservation measures in an institutional building in sub-tropical climate in Australia , 2010 .

[37]  C. O'Malley,et al.  Engaging with energy reduction : does a climate change frame have the potential for achieving broader sustainable behaviour? , 2014 .