Disseminated Infection with Encephalitozoon intestinalis in AIDS Patients: Report of 2 Cases

Microsporidiosis must be regarded as a late opportunistic infection when HIV is advanced. In this article we describe 2 cases of disseminated infection with Encephalitozoon intestinalis. The first case had a local intestinal infection for > 1 y before it disseminated and microsporidia were found intracellularly in sputum. In the second case, spores were initially found in conjunctival cells, sinus lavage, sputum and urine. This patient had clinical symptoms and radiological findings from the central nervous system. Signs of cerebral lymphoma developed after treatment of the opportunistic microsporidial infection.

[1]  A. Müller,et al.  Microsporidiosis: human diseases and diagnosis. , 2001, Microbes and infection.

[2]  B. Salzberger,et al.  Detection of Microsporidia in Travelers with Diarrhea , 2001, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[3]  L. Weiss,et al.  Microsporidia: emerging pathogenic protists. , 2001, Acta tropica.

[4]  J. Palmer,et al.  Evidence from beta-tubulin phylogeny that microsporidia evolved from within the fungi. , 2000, Molecular biology and evolution.

[5]  M. Thellier,et al.  Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against the Microsporidium Enterocytozoon bieneusi , 1999, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[6]  C. Franzen,et al.  Molecular Techniques for Detection, Species Differentiation, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Microsporidia , 1999, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[7]  W. Doolittle,et al.  Microsporidia are related to Fungi: evidence from the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and other proteins. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  Ian L. Pepper,et al.  Confirmation of the Human-Pathogenic Microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and Vittaforma corneae in Water , 1998, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[9]  M. Gouy,et al.  Microsporidia, amitochondrial protists, possess a 70-kDa heat shock protein gene of mitochondrial evolutionary origin. , 1998, Molecular biology and evolution.

[10]  M. Lebbad,et al.  Microsporidia in duodenal biopsies from 72 HIV‐infected patients with abdominal complaints , 1998, APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica.

[11]  Alexander Mathis,et al.  Cerebral microsporidiosis due to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[12]  C. Lowder,et al.  Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis caused by Septata intestinalis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. , 1996, American journal of ophthalmology.

[13]  I. Desportes‐Livage.  Human microsporidioses and AIDS: recent advances. , 1996, Parasite.

[14]  L. Probst,et al.  Diagnosis of microsporidial keratitis by confocal microscopy and the chromatrope stain. , 1996, American journal of ophthalmology.

[15]  V. Diehl,et al.  Intestinal microsporidiosis with Septata intestinalis in a patient with AIDS--response to albendazole. , 1995, The Journal of infection.

[16]  D. Marriott,et al.  Disseminated microsporidiosis due to Septata intestinalis in nine patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: response to therapy with albendazole. , 1995, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[17]  G. Visvesvara,et al.  In vitro culture and serologic and molecular identification of Septata intestinalis isolated from urine of a patient with AIDS , 1995, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[18]  D. Schwartz,et al.  Human microsporidial infections , 1994, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[19]  S. Katiyar,et al.  Cryptosporidium and microsporidial beta-tubulin sequences: predictions of benzimidazole sensitivity and phylogeny. , 1994, The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology.

[20]  E. Canning,et al.  An improved practical and sensitive technique for the detection of microsporidian spores in stool samples. , 1994, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[21]  D. Toney,et al.  Modulation of Biological Functions of Naegleria fowleri Amoebae by Growth Medium , 1994, The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology.

[22]  B. Gazzard,et al.  Treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis with albendazole in patients with AIDS , 1992, AIDS.

[23]  R. Bryan,et al.  Improved light-microscopical detection of microsporidia spores in stool and duodenal aspirates. The Enteric Opportunistic Infections Working Group. , 1992, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  N. R. Bergquist,et al.  Diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis in man by serological tests. , 1984, British medical journal.

[25]  E. Reynolds.  THE USE OF LEAD CITRATE AT HIGH pH AS AN ELECTRON-OPAQUE STAIN IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY , 1963, The Journal of cell biology.