Film thichness, entrainment, and pressure drop in upward annular and dispersed flow

Correlations for prediction of film, thickness, entrainment, and pressure drop are required for modeling of annular and dispersed flow in tubular heat transfer and reactor systems. Existing correlations are rather poor predictors of film thickness and entrainment. The relatively large quantity of experimental data for upwardly flow at isothermal conditions provides the basis to develop these correlations. This note represents a design method that has been developed and used in a computer program to predict these variables from the input variables of the mass flow rates of the gas and liquid phases, tube diameter, and fluid physical properties. The discussion is developed in the following areas: (1) film thickness; (2) entrainment; (3) pressure drop; and (4) solution procedure. (22 refs.)