Double-pass measurements of retinal image quality: a review of the theory, limitations and results

The double-pass method has been widely used to obtain accurate measurements of the retinal image quality under different conditions. In this paper, we describe the method in some detail and we present a general formulation of its image formation theory. The most important assumptions and limitations of the technique are revised as well. Finally, some of the main contributions of the method to the understanding of the ocular optics are also reviewed.

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