Combustion characteristics of a common rail direct injection engine using different fuel injection strategies

Abstract Fuel injection parameters such as fuel injection pressure (FIP) and start of injection (SOI) timing significantly affect combustion, performance, emission and durability of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. In this study, a state-of-the-art single cylinder research engine was used to investigate the effects of FIP and SOI timings on engine combustion characteristics, which affects heat transfer and soot formation as well. The experimental setup consisted of an instrumented single cylinder engine with provision to vary the fuel injection parameters along with online high speed combustion data acquisition and analysis system. Experiments were conducted at constant engine speed (1500 rpm) at four different FIPs (300, 500, 750 and 1000 bar), four different SOI timings and different fuel injection quantities. Combustion characteristics of the engine were analyzed using exhaustive heat release analysis based on in-cylinder pressure data. In direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engines, fuel vaporization and heat transfer characteristics affect fuel-air mixing, which is also influenced by the FIP and SOI timings. These injection parameters significantly control the rate of pressure rise (ROPR), and heat release rate (HRR), which in-turn affect the heat transfer from the engine cylinder as well as the engine power output. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the fuel injection parameters to develop efficient and clean combustion diesel engines.

[1]  Michael Wensing,et al.  Derivation and validation of a heat transfer model in a hydrogen combustion engine , 2016 .

[2]  Avinash Kumar Agarwal,et al.  Time resolved in-situ biodiesel combustion visualization using engine endoscopy , 2015 .

[3]  Paul C. Miles,et al.  Modeling the effects of EGR and injection pressure on soot formation in a high-speed direct-injection (HSDI) diesel engine using a multi-step phenomenological soot model , 2005 .

[4]  Enrico Corti,et al.  A Statistical Approach to Spark Advance Mapping , 2009 .

[5]  Mustafa Canakci,et al.  Influence of injection timing on the exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel CI engine , 2008 .

[6]  Yakup İçingür,et al.  Effect of fuel cetane number and injection pressure on a DI Diesel engine performance and emissions , 2003 .

[7]  Bo Yang,et al.  Effects of pilot injection timing on the combustion noise and particle emissions of a diesel/natural gas dual-fuel engine at low load , 2016 .

[8]  Muhammet Cerit,et al.  Experimental study of NOx emissions and injection timing of a low heat rejection diesel engine , 2008 .

[9]  Jitendra N. Gangwar,et al.  Emissions from diesel versus biodiesel fuel used in a CRDI SUV engine: PM mass and chemical composition , 2011, Inhalation toxicology.

[10]  G. Bruneaux.  LIQUID AND VAPOR SPRAY STRUCTURE IN HIGH-PRESSURE COMMON RAIL DIESEL INJECTION , 2001 .

[11]  İsmet Çelikten,et al.  An experimental investigation of the effect of the injection pressure on engine performance and exhaust emission in indirect injection diesel engines , 2003 .

[12]  Zhihao Ma,et al.  Effects of Fuel Injection Timing on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel−Propane Blends , 2007 .

[13]  Sungwook Park,et al.  Effect of injection pressure on soot formation/oxidation characteristics using a two-color photometric method in a compression-ignition engine fueled with biodiesel blend (B20) , 2018 .

[14]  Saiful Bari,et al.  Effect of Fuel injection timing with waste cooking oil as a fuel in a direct injection diesel engine , 2004 .

[15]  G. Nagarajan,et al.  Effect of injection pressure on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of high linolenic linseed oil methyl ester in a DI diesel engine , 2009 .

[16]  R. Kiplimo,et al.  Effects of spray impingement, injection parameters, and EGR on the combustion and emission characteristics of a PCCI diesel engine , 2012 .

[17]  O. A. Badr,et al.  Effect of injection timing on the performance of a dual fuel engine , 2002 .

[18]  Song-Charng Kong,et al.  Experimental Study on Effects of Nozzle Hole Geometry on Achieving Low Diesel Engine Emissions , 2010 .

[19]  M-S Lyu,et al.  Study of nozzle characteristics on the performance of a small-bore high-speed direct injection diesel engine , 2002 .

[20]  A. Dhar,et al.  Effect of fuel injection timing and pressure on combustion, emissions and performance characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine , 2013 .

[21]  Murari Mohon Roy,et al.  Effect of Fuel Injection Timing and Injection Pressure on Combustion and Odorous Emissions in DI Diesel Engines , 2009 .

[22]  Yangyang Li,et al.  Effects of diesel injection parameters on the rapid combustion and emissions of an HD common-rail diesel engine fueled with diesel-methanol dual-fuel , 2016 .

[23]  Alberto Broatch,et al.  Impact of swirl on in-cylinder heat transfer in a light-duty diesel engine , 2017 .

[24]  Öivind Andersson,et al.  Influence of spatial and temporal distribution of Turbulent Kinetic Energy on heat transfer coefficient in a light duty CI engine operating with Partially Premixed Combustion , 2018 .

[25]  Mustafa Canakci,et al.  Effect of injection timing on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using diesel–methanol blends , 2009 .

[26]  Ayush Jain,et al.  Effect of fuel injection parameters on combustion stability and emissions of a mineral diesel fueled partially premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engine , 2017 .

[27]  A. Parlak,et al.  The effects of injection timing on NOx emissions of a low heat rejection indirect diesel injection engine , 2005 .

[28]  A. Dhole,et al.  Investigations on the combustion duration and ignition delay period of a dual fuel diesel engine with hydrogen and producer gas as secondary fuels , 2016 .

[29]  Bengt Johansson,et al.  Gasoline partially premixed combustion, the future of internal combustion engines? , 2011 .

[30]  John B. Heywood,et al.  Internal combustion engine fundamentals , 1988 .

[31]  Roger Sierens,et al.  Investigation of the influence of engine settings on the heat flux in a hydrogen- and methane-fueled spark ignition engine , 2011 .

[32]  A. Dhar,et al.  Effect of fuel injection pressure on diesel particulate size and number distribution in a CRDI single cylinder research engine , 2013 .

[33]  Avinash Kumar Agarwal,et al.  Measurement of number and size distribution of particles emitted from a mid-sized transportation multipoint port fuel injection gasoline engine , 2010 .

[34]  S. Verhelst,et al.  Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines , 2014 .

[35]  A. Agarwal,et al.  In-Cylinder Flow Evolution Using Tomographic Particle Imaging Velocimetry in an Internal Combustion Engine , 2018 .

[36]  Dennis N. Assanis,et al.  Premixed Low Temperature Combustion of Biodiesel and Blends in a High Speed Compression Ignition Engine , 2009 .

[37]  O. M. I. Nwafor,et al.  Effect of advanced injection timing on the performance of natural gas in diesel engines , 2000 .

[38]  G. Lepperhoff.  Influences on the Particle Size Distribution of Diesel Particulate Emissions , 2001 .

[39]  D. Kittelson.  Engines and nanoparticles: a review , 1998 .

[40]  Myoungho Sunwoo,et al.  Influence of MFB50 control on emission dispersions according to engine parameter changes for passenger diesel engines , 2016 .

[41]  John E. Dec,et al.  An Investigation of Thermal Stratification in HCCI Engines Using Chemiluminescence Imaging , 2006 .

[42]  Robert J. Moffat,et al.  Describing the Uncertainties in Experimental Results , 1988 .