Incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis: is a double dosage worthwhile?

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 28–32 mg/kg/day) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) who had shown an incomplete response to the standard dose (13–15 mg/kg/day).METHODS:A total of 25 patients with PBC who had been on UDCA (13–15 mg/kg/day) therapy for 24–141 months and had shown persistent elevation of ALP activity at least two times the upper limit of normal were enrolled. The dose of UDCA was increased to 30 (28–32) mg/kg/day and given for 1 yr.RESULTS:A significant but marginal improvement in serum ALP activity (707 ± 52 vs 571 ± 32, p = 0.001) was noted at 1 yr of treatment with high-dose UDCA. However, levels of total bilirubin (1.1 ± 0.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.2, p = 0.1), AST (58 ± 9 vs 54 ± 11, p = 0.1), albumin (4.1 ± 0.7 vs 4.0 ± 0.08, p = 0.1), or Mayo risk score (4.13 ± 0.3 vs 4.12 ± 0.3, p = 0.2) remained essentially unchanged. Normalization of liver tests did not occur in any patient, and adverse events were not recorded in any case.CONCLUSIONS:Although UDCA at a dose of 28–32 mg/kg/day is well tolerated, this dosage does not seem to benefit most patients with PBC responding incompletely to a dose of 13–15 mg/kg/day. The results of this pilot study would seem to discourage further controlled trials of high-dose UDCA in suboptimal responders to the standard dose of UDCA.

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