The influence of microstructure and chemical composition of carbon and low alloy steels in CO2 corrosion. A state-of-the-art appraisal

The importance of chemical composition and microstructure on CO2 corrosion of carbon and low alloy steels has been widely recognized, but different aspects are still uncertain and contradictory results can be found in the literature. This is mainly due to the complexity of the problem and the difficulty to describe the involved mechanisms. The chemical composition and the microstructure are not independent variables; the same microstructure can be obtained with different chemical compositions and vice versa. Some authors report the effect of one of these parameters without taking into account that the other has been also modified. However, test conditions also vary widely, making them almost impossible to compare. As a consequence of the situation depicted above, it is evident that a more systematic work is required to clarify the mechanisms involved and to develop a selection criterion for the available information. The aim of the present work is to review and discuss the available information about the effect of microstructure and composition of carbon and low-alloyed steel on corrosion resistance in CO2 environments. The influence of these parameters on the efficiency of corrosion inhibitors is also considered.

[1]  A. Halvorsen,et al.  CO{sub 2} corrosion model for carbon steel including a wall shear stress model for multiphase flow and limits for production rate to avoid mesa attack , 1999 .

[2]  A. Dugstad.  Mechanism of Protective Film Formation During CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel , 1998 .

[3]  C. D. Waard,et al.  Carbonic Acid Corrosion of Steel , 1975 .

[4]  Mamdouh M. Salama,et al.  Development of a Predictive Model for Activation-Controlled Corrosion of Steel in Solutions Containing Carbon Dioxide , 1997 .

[5]  B. Mishra,et al.  Effect of Microstructure on Corrosion of Steels in Aqueous Solutions Containing Carbon Dioxide , 1998 .

[6]  M. Ueda,et al.  The Development and Implementation of a New Alloyed Steel for Oil and Gas Production Wells , 2000 .

[7]  E. Gulbrandsen,et al.  Effect of Steel Microstructure and Composition on Inhibition of CO2 Corrosion , 2000 .

[8]  Per Olav Gartland,et al.  A pipeline integrity management strategy based on multiphase fluid flow and corrosion modeling , 1999 .

[9]  Perry Ian Nice,et al.  The Effect of Microstructure and Chromium Alloying Content to the Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steel Well Tubing in Seawater Injection Service , 1998 .

[10]  A. Dugstad,et al.  Corrosion of carbon steel in an aqueous carbon dioxide environment , 1989 .

[11]  J. Shadley,et al.  CO2 Corrosion of N-80 Steel at 71°C in a Two-Phase Flow System , 1993 .

[12]  J. Crolet,et al.  Role of Conductive Corrosion Products in the Protectiveness of Corrosion Layers , 1998 .

[13]  W. Schreiner,et al.  The influence of carbon steel microstructure on corrosion layers , 2003 .

[14]  S. Nešić,et al.  Carbon Dioxide Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Two-Phase Flow , 1994 .

[15]  J. L. Mora-Mendoza,et al.  Fe3C influence on the corrosion rate of mild steel in aqueous CO2 systems under turbulent flow conditions , 2002 .

[16]  R. Jasiński.  Corrosion of N80-Type Steel by CO2/Water Mixtures , 1987 .

[17]  Srdjan Nesic,et al.  CO2 CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL - FROM MECHANISTIC TO EMPIRICAL MODELLING , 1997 .

[18]  James D. Garber,et al.  Computer modeling to predict corrosion rates in gas condensate wells containing CO{sub 2} , 1996 .

[19]  John R. Shadley,et al.  CO2 Corrosion Prediction in Pipe Flow Under FeCO3 Scale-Forming Conditions , 1998 .

[20]  W. E. White,et al.  Some Observations on Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Aqueous Environments Containing Carbon Dioxide , 1986 .

[21]  M. B. Kermani,et al.  The Impact of Corrosion on Oil and Gas Industry , 1995 .

[22]  Jean Louis Crolet,et al.  Prediction of the Risks Of CO2 Corrosion in Oil and Gas Wells , 1991 .

[23]  James F Stubbins,et al.  An XPS characterization of FeCO3 films from CO2 corrosion , 1999 .

[24]  J. González,et al.  Development of Low Carbon Cr-Mo Steels with Exceptional Corrosion Resistance for Oilfield Applications , 2001 .

[25]  A. Stangeland,et al.  Effect of precorrosion on the performance of inhibitors for CO{sub 2} corrosion of carbon steel , 1998 .

[26]  S. Sánchez,et al.  The influence of steel microstructure on CO2 corrosion. EIS studies on the inhibition efficiency of benzimidazole , 2003 .

[27]  W. Thompson,et al.  SweetCor: An information system for the analysis of corrosion of steels by water and carbon dioxide , 1998 .

[28]  Russell D. Kane,et al.  Prediction of Corrosivity of CO2/H2S Production Environments , 1996 .

[29]  A. Dugstad,et al.  Effect of Steel Microstructure on Corrosion Rate and Protective Iron Carbonate Film Formation , 2001 .

[30]  R. C. Weast.  Handbook of chemistry and physics , 1973 .

[31]  Aage Stangeland,et al.  Mechanistic Modeling for CO2 Corrosion with Protective Iron Carbonate Films , 2001 .

[32]  J. Stubbins,et al.  Microstructure Analysis of Coupons Exposed to Carbon Dioxide Corrosion in Multiphase Flow , 1998 .

[33]  Masakatsu Ueda,et al.  Effect of Microstructure and Cr Content in Steel on CO2 Corrosion , 1996 .

[34]  W. M. Haynes.  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics , 1990 .

[35]  Y. M. Gunaltun.  Combining Research And Field Data For beorrosion Rate Prediction , 1996 .

[36]  R. Nyborg,et al.  Mesa Corrosion Attack in Carbon Steel and 0.5% Chromium Steel , 1998 .

[37]  Stein Olsen,et al.  An Electrochemical Model for Prediction of Corrosion of Mild Steel in Aqueous Carbon Dioxide Solutions , 1996 .

[38]  J. Shadley,et al.  CHARACTERISTICS OF CORROSION SCALES ON STEELS IN A CO2-SATURATED NACL BRINE , 1991 .

[39]  C. D. Waard,et al.  Predictive Model for CO2 Corrosion Engineering in Wet Natural Gas Pipelines , 1991 .