Analysing the Relationship between Learning Styles and Navigation Behaviour in Web-based educational system

The aim of our research is to automatically deduce the learning style from the analysis of browsing behaviour. To find how to deduce the learning style, we are investigating, in this paper, the relationships between the learner’s navigation behaviour and his/her learning style in web-based learning. To explore this relation, we carried out an experiment with 27 students of computer science at the engineering school (ESI-Algeria). The students used a hypermedia course on an e-learning platform. The learners’ navigation behaviour is evaluated using a navigation type indicator that we propose and calculate based on trace analysis. The findings are presented with regard to the learning styles measured using the Index of Learning Styles by (Felder and Solomon 1996). We conclude with a discussion of these results.

[1]  Curtis A. Carver,et al.  Enhancing student learning through hypermedia courseware and incorporation of student learning styles , 1999 .

[2]  Xiaohui Liu,et al.  An Integrated Approach for Modeling Learning Patterns of Students in Web-Based Instruction: A Cognitive Style Perspective , 2008, TCHI.

[3]  P. Federico Learning styles and student attitudes toward various aspects of network-based instruction , 2000 .

[4]  Elvira Popescu,et al.  Dynamic adaptive hypermedia systems for e-learning , 2008 .

[5]  Philippe Trigano,et al.  Rules for Learner Modeling and Adaptation Provisioning in an Educational Hypermedia System , 2007, Ninth International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2007).

[6]  Nigel Ford,et al.  Individual differences, hypermedia navigation, and learning: an empirical study , 2000 .

[7]  David J. Ayersman,et al.  Individual differences, computers, and instruction , 1995 .

[8]  Elvira Popescu Dynamic adaptive hypermedia systems for e-learning. (Utilisation des styles d'apprentissage dans les Hypermédia pédagogiques adaptatifs) , 2008 .

[9]  Wu-Yuin Hwang,et al.  A study of multimedia annotation of Web-based materials , 2005, Comput. Educ..

[10]  Alexandra I. Cristea,et al.  Patterns in Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia: A Taxonomy of Learning Styles , 2005, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[11]  Florence Tyndiuk,et al.  Référentiels Spatiaux des Tâches d'Interaction et Caractéristiques de l'Utilisateur influençant la Performance en Réalité Virtuelle , 2005 .

[12]  Min Liu,et al.  The Effect of Hypermedia Assisted Instruction on Second Language Learning , 1993 .

[13]  F. Coffield Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning: a systematic and critical review , 2004 .

[14]  R. Felder,et al.  Learning and Teaching Styles in Engineering Education. , 1988 .

[15]  A. Dufresne,et al.  Cognitive Style and Its Implications for Navigation Strategies , 1997 .

[16]  S. Cassidy,et al.  Learning Styles: An overview of theories, models, and measures , 2004 .

[17]  T. C. Bello COMPARISON OF ELEVEN MAJOR LEARNING STYLES MODELS: VARIABLES, APPROPRIATE POPULATIONS, VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENTATION, AND THE RESEARCH BEHIND THEM , 1990 .

[18]  C. Tinajero,et al.  Field dependence‐independence and academic achievement: a re‐examination of their relationship , 1997 .

[19]  Pilar Rodríguez,et al.  A Mixed Approach to Modelling Learning Styles in Adaptive Educational Hypermedia , 2004 .

[20]  Xiaohui Liu,et al.  Evaluation of a personalized digital library based on cognitive styles: Adaptivity vs. adaptability , 2009, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[21]  D. Marrison,et al.  The Effect of Agricultural Students' Learning Styles on Academic Achievement and Their Perceptions of Two Methods of Instruction , 1994 .

[22]  Andreas S. Pomportsis,et al.  The design and the formative evaluation of an adaptive educational system based on cognitive styles , 2003, Comput. Educ..

[23]  Jens Liegle,et al.  The effect of learning styles on the navigation needs of Web-based learners , 2006, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[24]  George D. Magoulas,et al.  Personalizing the Interaction in a Web-based Educational Hypermedia System: the case of INSPIRE , 2003, User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction.

[25]  R. Riding,et al.  Cognitive Styles and Learning Strategies , 2013 .

[26]  Jean Underwood,et al.  Cognitive style, hypermedia navigation and learning , 2005, Comput. Educ..

[27]  Alfred Kobsa,et al.  The Adaptive Web, Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization , 2007, The Adaptive Web.

[28]  Jean-Marc Labat,et al.  Perception de l'activité de l'apprenant dans un environnement de formation , 2007 .

[29]  Ian J. Deary,et al.  Examining wholistic–analytic style using preferences in early information processing , 2006 .

[30]  Jean-Marc Labat,et al.  Indicators for Deducting the Learners' Learning Styles: Case of the Navigation Typology Indicator , 2009, 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies.

[31]  Arnold Depickere,et al.  What affect student cognitive style in the development of hypermedia learning system? , 2005, Comput. Educ..

[32]  Matteo Gaeta,et al.  Adaptive course generation through learning styles representation , 2008, Universal Access in the Information Society.

[33]  R. T. Pithers,et al.  Cognitive learning style: a review of the field dependent-field independent approach , 2002 .

[34]  Tony Fisher,et al.  Reappraising cognitive styles in adaptive web applications , 2006, WWW '06.

[35]  W. Michael Reed,et al.  Computer Experience and Interval-Based Hypermedia Navigation , 1997 .

[36]  Richard J. Koubek,et al.  An empirical evaluation of knowledge, cognitive style, and structure upon the performance of a hypertext task , 1994, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[37]  Elaine Rich Users are individuals: individualizing user models , 1999, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[38]  W. M. Reed,et al.  The effects of learning style and hypermedia prior experience on behavioral disorders knowledge and time on task: a case-based hypermedia environment , 2001, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[39]  Chang Liu,et al.  Learning style, learning patterns, and learning performance in a WebCT-based MIS course , 2003, Inf. Manag..

[40]  Chih-Ping Chu,et al.  A learning style classification mechanism for e-learning , 2009, Comput. Educ..

[41]  George D. Magoulas,et al.  Cognitive styles and users’ responses to structured information representation , 2004, International Journal on Digital Libraries.

[42]  S. Clark,et al.  The performance of engineering students on the Group Embedded Figures Test , 2000, 30th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference. Building on A Century of Progress in Engineering Education. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37135).

[43]  M. DeTure,et al.  Cognitive Style and Self-Efficacy: Predicting Student Success in Online Distance Education , 2004 .

[44]  Kyung-Sun Kim,et al.  Cognitive style and on-line database search experience as predictors of Web search performance , 2000, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci..

[45]  Elvira Popescu Learning Styles and Behavioral Differences in Web-Based Learning Settings , 2009, 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies.

[46]  Peter Brusilovsky,et al.  User Models for Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Educational Systems , 2007, The Adaptive Web.

[47]  Jean-Marc Labat,et al.  How to determine the Learners' Learning Styles in e-Learning Situation? , 2008 .

[48]  George Ghinea,et al.  The impact of cognitive styles on perceptual distributed multimedia quality , 2003, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[49]  Sanghee Yeo Handbook of individual differences, learning, and instruction. , 2010, Korean journal of medical education.

[50]  N. Bennet,et al.  Learning styles in continuing medical education , 1984 .

[51]  Alexandra I. Cristea,et al.  Adaptation to learning styles in E-Learning: Approach evaluation , 2006 .

[52]  Yueh-Min Huang,et al.  Using a style-based ant colony system for adaptive learning , 2008, Expert Syst. Appl..

[53]  Stephen W. Draper,et al.  11: Observing, measuring, or evaluating courseware: A conceptual introduction , 1996 .

[54]  M. Graff,et al.  Individual differences in hypertext browsing strategies , 2005, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[55]  K. Ecclestone,et al.  Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning , 2004 .

[56]  D. Kolb Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development , 1983 .

[57]  David J. Ayersman,et al.  Computer experience, learning style, and hypermedia navigation , 2000 .

[58]  G. Pask STYLES AND STRATEGIES OF LEARNING , 1976 .

[59]  L. Michele Miller,et al.  Using learning styles to evaluate computer-based instruction , 2005, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[60]  Funda Dag,et al.  Relations between online learning and learning styles , 2009 .