A spectral analysis of bottom-induced variation in the colour of Sand Hills lakes, Nebraska, USA

Colour yields information about the bio-optical properties, as well as the general quality, of surface waters. It allows inferences to be made about components of the water column, including transparency, type and concentrations of both suspended and dissolved substances. Where water transparency and depth permit electromagnetic radiation to reach to the bottom, the upwelling composite signal can include reflectance not only from the surface and from the water column but also from the bottom. The intensity of the 'bottom effect' on the optical properties such as colour depends on the composition of the bottom and on the type of water column constituents. The spectral data from five Nebraska lakes were analysed for the bottom-induced variation in the colour. The data indicated that the bottom significantly affects the apparent colour of water bodies.

[1]  D. Gosselin,et al.  GEOCHEMISTRY OF K-RICH ALKALINE LAKES, WESTERN SANDHILLS, NEBRASKA, USA , 1994 .

[2]  C. Yentsch The influence of phytoplankton pigments on the colour of sea water , 1960 .

[3]  Dmitry Pozdnyakov,et al.  Water quality remote sensing in the visible spectrum , 1998 .

[4]  H. Gordon,et al.  Remote Assessment of Ocean Color for Interpretation of Satellite Visible Imagery: A Review , 1983 .

[5]  N. K. Højerslev Water color and its relation to primary production , 1980 .

[6]  Prieur,et al.  Analysis of variations in ocean color’ , 2000 .

[7]  E. Baker,et al.  Upwelled spectral radiance distribution in relation to particulate matter in sea water , 1980 .

[8]  J. Munday,et al.  Landsat test of diffuse reflectance models for aquatic suspended solids measurement , 1979 .

[9]  André Morel,et al.  Diffuse reflectance of oceanic shallow waters: influence of water depth and bottom albedo , 1994 .

[10]  Robert P. Bukata,et al.  Use of chromaticity in remote measurements of water quality , 1983 .

[11]  T. Lindell,et al.  A further development of the chromaticity technique for satellite mapping of suspended sediment load , 1986 .

[12]  André Morel,et al.  In-water and remote measurements of ocean color , 1980 .

[13]  C. Lorenzen,et al.  Spectra of Backscattered Light from the Sea Obtained from Aircraft as a Measure of Chlorophyll Concentration , 1970, Science.

[14]  R. Davies‐Colley,et al.  Absorption of light by yellow substance in freshwater lakes , 1987 .

[15]  D. Rundquist,et al.  The response of volume reflectance to manipulated algal concentrations above bright and dark bottoms at various depths in an experimental pool , 1995 .

[16]  L. Prieur,et al.  Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea (yellow substance) in the UV and visible domains1 , 1981 .

[17]  H. Gordon,et al.  Removal of atmospheric effects from satellite imagery of the oceans. , 1978, Applied optics.

[18]  J. Munday,et al.  Chromaticity changes from isoluminous techniques used to enhance multispectral remote sensing data , 1975 .

[19]  E. Ann Gallie,et al.  A modification of chromaticity analysis to separate the effects of water quality variables , 1993 .

[20]  Awwa,et al.  Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater , 1999 .

[21]  R. W. Austin Gulf of Mexico, ocean-color surface-truth measurements , 1980 .

[22]  W. R. McCluney,et al.  Remote measurement of water color , 1976 .