Reflected light intensity profile of two-layer tissues: phantom experiments.

Experimental measurements of the reflected light intensity from two-layer phantoms are presented. We report, for the first time, an experimental observation of a typical reflected light intensity behavior for the two-layer structure characterized by two different slopes in the reflected light profile of the irradiated tissue. The point in which the first slope changes to the second slope, named as the crossover point, depends on the upper layer thickness as well as on the ratio between the absorption coefficients of the two layers. Since similar experiments from one-layer phantoms present a monotonic decay behavior, the existence and the location of the crossover point can be used as a diagnostic fingerprint for two-layer tissue structures. This pertains to two layers with greater absorptivity in the upper layer, which is the typical biological case in tissues like skin.

[1]  J. S. Dam,et al.  Fiber-optic probe for noninvasive real-time determination of tissue optical properties at multiple wavelengths. , 2001, Applied optics.

[2]  M. Nitzan,et al.  Measurement of oxygen saturation in venous blood by dynamic near infrared spectroscopy. , 2000, Journal of biomedical optics.

[3]  G. Hounsfield.  Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography): Part I. Description of system. 1973. , 1973, The British journal of radiology.

[4]  G. Hounsfield.  Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography). 1. Description of system. , 1973, The British journal of radiology.

[5]  G H Weiss,et al.  Approximate theory of photon migration in a two-layer medium. , 1989, Applied optics.

[6]  Joseph M. Schmitt,et al.  Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a review , 1999 .

[7]  Ralph Nossal,et al.  Photon migration in layered media. , 1988, Applied optics.

[8]  Arjen Amelink,et al.  In vivo measurement of the local optical properties of tissue by use of differential path-length spectroscopy. , 2004, Optics letters.

[9]  J M Schmitt,et al.  Multilayer model of photon diffusion in skin. , 1990, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[10]  Lihong V. Wang,et al.  Tutorial on Photoacoustic Microscopy and Computed Tomography , 2008, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[11]  G. Reddy,et al.  Photobiological basis and clinical role of low-intensity lasers in biology and medicine. , 2004, Journal of clinical laser medicine & surgery.

[12]  George Zonios,et al.  Modeling diffuse reflectance from semi-infinite turbid media: application to the study of skin optical properties. , 2006, Optics express.

[13]  Michael S. Patterson,et al.  Quantitative Reflectance Spectrophotometry For The Noninvasive Measurement Of Photosensitizer Concentration In Tissue During Photodynamic Therapy , 1989 .

[14]  V. Venugopalan,et al.  Estimating optical properties in layered tissues by use of the Born approximation of the radiative transport equation. , 2006, Optics letters.

[15]  George C. Mantis,et al.  Simple two-layer reflectance model for biological tissue applications. , 2009, Applied optics.

[16]  H. Hakimzadeh,et al.  Part 1 , 2011 .

[17]  M. Patterson,et al.  Noninvasive determination of the optical properties of two-layered turbid media , 1998 .

[18]  K. Fujita.  [Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy]. , 2007, Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme.

[19]  Nirmala Ramanujam,et al.  Sequential estimation of optical properties of a two-layered epithelial tissue model from depth-resolved ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra , 2006 .

[20]  H. A. Ferwerda,et al.  Scattering and absorption of turbid materials determined from reflection measurements. 1: theory. , 1983, Applied optics.

[21]  Shlomo Havlin,et al.  Photon Migration in a Two-layer Turbid Medium a Diffusion Analysis , 1992 .

[22]  R. Sablong,et al.  Differential optical spectroscopy for absorption characterization of scattering media. , 2007, Optics letters.

[23]  Roberto Reif,et al.  Analytical model of light reflectance for extraction of the optical properties in small volumes of turbid media. , 2007, Applied optics.

[24]  W. Wiscombe,et al.  Mie Scattering Calculations: Advances in Technique and Fast, Vector-speed Computer Codes , 1979 .

[25]  George H. Weiss,et al.  V: Random Walk and Diffusion-Like Models of Photon Migration in Turbid Media , 1995 .

[26]  Quing Zhu,et al.  Analytical solution for light propagation in a two-layer tissue structure with a tilted interface for breast imaging. , 2006, Applied optics.

[27]  R A Groenhuis,et al.  Scattering and absorption of turbid materials determined from reflection measurements. 2: measuring method and calibration. , 1983, Applied optics.

[28]  A G Yodh,et al.  Does the photon-diffusion coefficient depend on absorption? , 1997, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[29]  Jun Zou,et al.  In-vivo characterization of optical properties of pigmented skin lesions including melanoma using oblique incidence diffuse reflectance spectrometry. , 2011, Journal of biomedical optics.

[30]  Xu Xiao.  Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine , 2008 .

[31]  M. Patterson,et al.  Accuracy of the diffusion approximation in determining the optical properties of a two-layer turbid medium. , 1998, Applied optics.

[32]  N. Ben-Dov,et al.  Low-energy laser irradiation affects satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. , 1999, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[33]  C Sato,et al.  Estimation of the absorption coefficients of two-layered media by a simple method using spatially and time-resolved reflectances. , 2009, Physics in medicine and biology.

[34]  G. Weiss,et al.  Model for photon migration in turbid biological media. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[35]  N. Sujatha,et al.  Effects of Intralipid-10% in fluorescence distortion studies on liquid-tissue phantoms in UV range. , 2011, Journal of biophotonics.

[36]  In vivo morphologic imaging taken to a higher level. , 2010, Radiology.