Logics of Formal Inconsistency

Segundo a pressuposicao de consistencia classica, as contradicoes tem um cara[c]ter explosivo; uma vez que estejam presentes em uma teoria, tudo vale, e nenhum raciocinio sensato pode entao ter lugar. Uma logica e paraconsistente se ela rejeita uma tal pressuposicao, e aceita ao inves que algumas teorias inconsistentes conquanto nao-triviais facam perfeito sentido. A? Logicas da Inconsistencia Formal, LIFs, formam uma classe de logicas paraconsistentes particularmente expressivas nas quais a nocao meta-teonca de consistencia pode ser internalizada ao nivel da linguagem obje[c]to. Como consequencia, as LIFs sao capazes de recapturar o raciocinio consistente pelo acrescimo de assuncoes de consistencia apropriadas. Assim, por exemplo, enquanto regras classicas tais como o silogismo disjuntivo (de A e {nao-,4)-ou-13, infira B) estao fadadas a falhar numa logica paraconsistente (pois A e (nao-A) poderiam ambas ser verdadeiras para algum A, independentemente de B), elas podem ser recuperadas por uma LIF se o conjunto das premissas for ampliado pela presuncao de que estamos raciocinando em um ambiente consistente (neste caso, pelo acrescimo de (consistente-.A) como uma hipotese adicional da regra). A presente monografia introduz as LIFs e apresenta diversas ilustracoes destas logicas e de suas propriedades, mostrando que tais logicas constituem com efeito a maior parte dos sistemas paraconsistentes da literatura. Diversas formas de se efe[c]tuar a recaptura do raciocinio consistente dentro de tais sistemas inconsistentes sao tambem ilustradas Em cada caso, interpretacoes em termos de semânticas polivalentes, de traducoes possiveis ou modais sao fornecidas, e os problemas relacionados a provisao de contrapartidas algebricas para tais logicas sao examinados. Uma abordagem formal abstra[cjta e proposta para todas as definicoes relacionadas e uma extensa investigacao e feita sobre os principios logicos e as propriedades positivas e negativas da negacao Abstract

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