Texture, aging, and superelasticity of selective laser melting fabricated Ni-rich NiTi alloys

Abstract This work studies the impact of selective laser melting (SLM) fabrication on the microstructure and texture of Ni-rich NiTi alloy. SLM NiTi samples were fabricated with a high laser power of 250 W and 1.25 m/s scanning speed. A comprehensive aging study of as-fabricated alloys is also presented to reveal the effects of aging time and temperature on transformation behavior. The shape memory properties were investigated by shape memory effect and superelasticity experiments. It was found that although SLM fabricated samples show lower strength than the initial ingot, their sharp [001] texture along the building direction improve their superelastic response substantially. In addition, it was shown that transformation temperatures can be tailored and upon thermal treatments of 350 °C-1 h and 600 °C-1.5 h, superelastic recovery up to about 5.5% can be obtained at body and room temperatures which make these alloys very promising for potential biomedical applications.

[1]  H. Sehitoglu,et al.  Dependence of shape memory effect and superelasticity on the number of variants of dispersed particles in titanium-nickel single crystals , 2002 .

[2]  W. Cai,et al.  Effect of aging on martensitic transformation and microstructure in Ni-rich TiNiHf shape memory alloy , 2006 .

[3]  Bert Müller,et al.  Tailoring Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters for NiTi Implants , 2012, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance.

[4]  J. Kruth,et al.  Fine-structured aluminium products with controllable texture by selective laser melting of pre-alloyed AlSi10Mg powder , 2013 .

[5]  Jean-Pierre Kruth,et al.  Influence of SLM on shape memory and compression behaviour of NiTi scaffolds , 2015 .

[6]  Horst Meier,et al.  Structural and functional properties of NiTi shape memory alloys produced by Selective Laser Melting , 2011 .

[7]  Steven M. Tuominen,et al.  High temperature shape memory alloys , 2010 .

[8]  Karel Mazanec,et al.  On precipitation kinetics in TiNi shape memory alloys , 2001 .

[9]  H. Karaca,et al.  NiTiHf-based shape memory alloys , 2014 .

[10]  H. Karaca,et al.  Shape memory behavior of high strength NiTiHfPd polycrystalline alloys , 2013 .

[11]  Jean-Pierre Kruth,et al.  Effect of SLM Parameters on Transformation Temperatures of Shape Memory Nickel Titanium Parts , 2014 .

[12]  H. Karaca,et al.  Shape memory behavior of high strength Ni54Ti46 alloys , 2013 .

[13]  G. Eggeler,et al.  The mechanism of multistage martensitic transformations in aged Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys , 2002 .

[14]  Ken Gall,et al.  Cyclic deformation behavior of single crystal NiTi , 2001 .

[15]  Shuichi Miyazaki,et al.  CHARACTERISTICS OF DEFORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION PSEUDOELASTICITY IN Ti-Ni ALLOYS , 1982 .

[16]  G. Eggeler,et al.  On the effect of aging on martensitic transformations in Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys , 2005 .

[17]  H. Karaca,et al.  Superelastic response and damping capacity of ultrahigh-strength [1 1 1]-oriented NiTiHfPd single crystals , 2012 .

[18]  Wei Liu,et al.  Textures formed in a CoCrMo alloy by selective laser melting , 2015 .

[19]  A. Pelton,et al.  Optimisation of processing and properties of medical grade Nitinol wire , 2000 .

[20]  Thomas Tröster,et al.  Highly Anisotropic Steel Processed by Selective Laser Melting , 2013, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B.

[21]  J. Kruth,et al.  Strong morphological and crystallographic texture and resulting yield strength anisotropy in selective laser melted tantalum , 2013 .

[22]  Yong Liu,et al.  Effect of annealing on the transformation behavior and superelasticity of NiTi shape memory alloy , 2001 .

[23]  M. Elahinia,et al.  Fabricating NiTi SMA Components , 2015 .

[24]  Horst Meier,et al.  On the development of high quality NiTi shape memory and pseudoelastic parts by additive manufacturing , 2014 .

[25]  M. Mills,et al.  Effects of aging on [1 1 1] oriented NiTiHfPd single crystals under compression , 2012 .

[26]  Haluk E. Karaca,et al.  Compressive response of nickel-rich NiTiHf high-temperature shape memory single crystals along the [1 1 1] orientation , 2011 .

[27]  Galina Kasperovich,et al.  Improvement of fatigue resistance and ductility of TiAl6V4 processed by selective laser melting , 2015 .

[28]  Atsushi Takaichi,et al.  Microstructures and mechanical properties of Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy fabricated by selective laser melting process for dental applications. , 2013, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.

[29]  M. Elahinia,et al.  Thermomechanical characterization of Ni-rich NiTi fabricated by selective laser melting , 2016 .

[30]  Minoru Nishida,et al.  Precipitation processes in near-equiatomic TiNi shape memory alloys , 1986 .

[31]  Haluk E. Karaca,et al.  Effects of nanoprecipitation on the shape memory and material properties of an Ni-rich NiTiHf high temperature shape memory alloy , 2013 .

[32]  M. Elahinia,et al.  The influence of heat treatment on the thermomechanical response of Ni-rich NiTi alloys manufactured by selective laser melting , 2016 .

[33]  C. M. Wayman,et al.  Electron microscopy studies of the martensitic transformation in an aged Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloy , 1988 .

[34]  Bert Müller,et al.  Microstructure of selective laser melted nickel–titanium , 2014 .

[35]  Horst Meier,et al.  Experimental studies on selective laser melting of metallic parts , 2008 .

[36]  X. Wang,et al.  Laser annealing of amorphous NiTi shape memory alloy thin films to locally induce shape memory properties , 2005 .

[37]  A. S. Bor,et al.  Production and characterization of porous TiNi shape memory alloys , 2011 .

[38]  M. Elahinia,et al.  Manufacturing and processing of NiTi implants: A review , 2012 .

[39]  Ken Gall,et al.  On the mechanical behavior of single crystal NiTi shape memory alloys and related polycrystalline phenomenon , 2001 .

[40]  Ken Gall,et al.  Compressive response of NiTi single crystals , 2000, Acta Materialia.

[41]  Ken Gall,et al.  Tension–compression asymmetry of the stress–strain response in aged single crystal and polycrystalline NiTi , 1999 .

[42]  M. Elahinia,et al.  Experimental Characterization of Shape Memory Alloys , 2015 .

[43]  Rolf Sandström,et al.  New modelling of the B2 phase and its associated martensitic transformation in the Ti-Ni system , 1999 .

[44]  Mohammad Elahinia,et al.  An Investigation of Effective Process Parameters on Phase Transformation Temperature of Nitinol Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting , 2014 .

[45]  An Investigation of Process Parameters on Selective Laser Melting of Nitinol , 2013 .

[46]  H. Karaca,et al.  Shape Memory Behavior of [111]-Oriented NiTi Single Crystals After Stress-Assisted Aging , 2016, Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters).

[47]  Gunther Eggeler,et al.  Ni4Ti3-precipitation during aging of NiTi shape memory alloys and its influence on martensitic phase transformations , 2002 .

[48]  Yufeng Zheng,et al.  Effect of ageing treatment on the transformation behaviour of Ti–50.9 at.% Ni alloy , 2008 .

[49]  Jun Sun,et al.  Origin of 2-stage R-phase transformation in low-temperature aged Ni-rich Ti–Ni alloys , 2005 .

[50]  Moataz M. Attallah,et al.  The influence of the laser scan strategy on grain structure and cracking behaviour in SLM powder-bed fabricated nickel superalloy , 2014 .

[51]  I. Yadroitsava,et al.  Energy input effect on morphology and microstructure of selective laser melting single track from metallic powder , 2013 .

[52]  H. Maier,et al.  Detwinning in NiTi alloys , 2003 .

[53]  Horst Meier,et al.  Additive Manufacturing of Shape Memory Devices and Pseudoelastic Components , 2013 .

[54]  Jean-Pierre Kruth,et al.  Texture and anisotropy in selective laser melting of NiTi alloy , 2016 .

[55]  T. Tadaki,et al.  Shape Memory Alloys , 2002 .

[56]  Christopher Tuck,et al.  On the Texture Formation of Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V , 2014, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A.

[57]  Jean-Pierre Kruth,et al.  Additive Manufacturing of Metals via Selective Laser Melting Process Aspects and Material Developments , 2015 .

[58]  Gunther Eggeler,et al.  Multiple-step martensitic transformations in Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys , 2004 .