Efficient Interfacing Electric Vehicles with Grid using Bi-directional Smart Inverter

This paper presents the design, implementation and verification of four intelligent functions that enable smart bi-directional inverter for electric vehicles (EV). Evaluation shows that the functions work properly. They can adjust the EV power output smoothly, helping stabilize load voltage while keeping the load voltage oscillation below 1%. The intelligent control schemes help EV charge efficiently to decrease the charging cost. They also enable EV to discharge i.e. the EV owners can participate in grid ancillary service to earn extra income. Furthermore, the functions facilitate grid operators to regulate EV charge/discharge activities to raise the grid voltage and reduce grid stress conditions.