A Quadratic Programming Based Optimal Power and Battery Dispatch for Grid-Connected Microgrid

In this paper, the concept of end-user-driven microgrid is introduced, and an economic dispatch framework is proposed for optimal power and battery scheduling of such a microgrid. The main advantage is that unlike other centralized approaches reported in the literature, the proposed architecture provides end-user flexibility, optimally manages the battery minimizing the power required from the grid, and at the same time ensures grid-level reliability. The proposed optimal scheduling is first validated on a grid-connected microgrid, including a photovoltaic (PV) farm and a battery, considering the grid as a dispatchable power source. Then, the architecture is compared with one of the existing centralized optimization approaches. To demonstrate the applicability and scalability, the architecture is further evaluated on a modified IEEE 33 bus distribution feeder, including multiple microgrids suitable for real-time implementation. The test results indicate that the approach is optimal, scalable, feasible, improves feeder reliability, and provides maximum utilization of the PV arrays.

[1]  Gabriela Hug,et al.  Distributed MPC for Efficient Coordination of Storage and Renewable Energy Sources Across Control Areas , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[2]  Caisheng Wang,et al.  Power Management of a Stand-Alone Wind/Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell Energy System , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[3]  Antonio Pietrabissa,et al.  Model Predictive Control of Energy Storage Systems for Power Tracking and Shaving in Distribution Grids , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[4]  Yang Wang,et al.  Code generation for receding horizon control , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Aided Control System Design.

[5]  Ali Hooshmand,et al.  A decentralized energy management system , 2015, 2015 European Control Conference (ECC).

[6]  Junyong Liu,et al.  Robust Energy Management of Microgrid With Uncertain Renewable Generation and Load , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[7]  Michael J. Zimmer,et al.  Emerging Models for Microgrid Finance: Driven by the need to deliver value to end users. , 2014, IEEE Electrification Magazine.

[8]  Sukumar Kamalasadan,et al.  Integrated control of battery energy storage management system considering PV capacity firming and energy time shift applications , 2014, 2014 IEEE Industry Application Society Annual Meeting.

[9]  Sukumar Kamalasadan,et al.  Real-time optimal scheduling of smart power distribution systems using integrated receding horizon control and convex conic programming , 2014, 2014 IEEE Industry Application Society Annual Meeting.

[10]  Mohammad Shahidehpour,et al.  Short-Term Scheduling of Battery in a , 2005 .

[11]  Y Riffonneau,et al.  Optimal Power Flow Management for Grid Connected PV Systems With Batteries , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[12]  Subhashish Bhattacharya,et al.  Rule-Based Control of Battery Energy Storage for Dispatching Intermittent Renewable Sources , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[13]  T. Paul,et al.  A quadratic programming based optimal power and battery dispatch for grid connected microgrid , 2016, 2016 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[14]  Federico Milano,et al.  Design of MPC-based controller for a Generalized Energy Storage system model , 2016, 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM).

[15]  Ahmet Palazoglu,et al.  Operational optimization and demand response of hybrid renewable energy systems , 2015 .

[16]  Andrea Lanna,et al.  Real time optimal power flow integrating large scale storage devices and wind generation , 2015, 2015 23rd Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED).

[17]  C. Y. Yen,et al.  Residential photovoltaic energy storage system , 1998, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[18]  Anil Pahwa,et al.  Intelligent Dispatch for Distributed Renewable Resources , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[19]  Sukumar Kamalasadan,et al.  A Weather-Based Optimal Storage Management Algorithm for PV Capacity Firming , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[20]  S. Suryanarayanan,et al.  A framework for energy management in customer-driven microgrids , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[21]  X. Xia,et al.  Minimum cost solution of photovoltaic–diesel–battery hybrid power systems for remote consumers , 2013 .

[22]  Pukar Mahat,et al.  A micro-grid battery storage management , 2013, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[23]  Nikos D. Hatziargyriou,et al.  Centralized Control for Optimizing Microgrids Operation , 2008 .

[24]  V. Agarwal,et al.  An Integrated Hybrid Power Supply for Distributed Generation Applications Fed by Nonconventional Energy Sources , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[25]  Babak Fahimi,et al.  Economic Dispatch of a Hybrid Microgrid With Distributed Energy Storage , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[26]  Gary W. Chang,et al.  Short-term Distributed Energy Resource Scheduling for a DC Microgrid , 2013 .

[27]  S. Suryanarayanan,et al.  Enabling technologies for the customer-driven microgrid , 2009, 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[28]  S. J. Ranade,et al.  Optimum operation of a customer-driven microgrid: A comprehensive approach , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES).

[29]  Ding Ming,et al.  Dynamic economic dispatch for microgrids including battery energy storage , 2010, The 2nd International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems.

[30]  M Castilla,et al.  Hierarchical Control of Intelligent Microgrids , 2010, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[31]  Bruno Francois,et al.  Energy Management and Operational Planning of a Microgrid With a PV-Based Active Generator for Smart Grid Applications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[32]  G.T. Heydt,et al.  Optimized Dispatch of a Residential Solar Energy System , 2007, 2007 39th North American Power Symposium.

[33]  B. Washom,et al.  Storage dispatch optimization for grid-connected combined photovoltaic-battery storage systems , 2012, 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.