Users in the urban sensing process

The popularization of portable devices such as smartphones and the worldwide adoption of social media services make it increasingly possible to be connected and share data anywhere and at any time. Data from this process represent a new source of sensing, which is called participatory sensor network (PSN). In this scenario, people participate as social sensors voluntarily providing data that capture their experiences of daily life. This large amount of social data can provide valuable new forms of information to be obtained that are currently not available within the same global reach and that can be used to improve the decision-making processes of different entities (eg, people, groups, services, and applications). The objective of this chapter is to discuss PSNs, presenting an overview of the area, challenges, and opportunities. We aim to show that PSNs (eg, Instagram, Foursquare, and Waze) can act as valuable sources of large-scale sensing, providing access to important characteristics of city dynamics and urban social behavior, more quickly and comprehensively. This chapter starts by studying the properties of PSN. Next, it discusses how to work with PSN, showing its applicability in the development of more sophisticated applications. In addition, it discusses several research challenges and opportunities in this area.

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