Arrays of superconducting tunnel junctions as low‐noise 10‐GHz mixers

Quasiparticle mixing (biasing at the gap voltage) was studied in arrays of small Pb‐O‐Pb tunnel junctions. Coherent mixing at 9 GHz gave a conversion loss as low as −5.8 dB and a single sideband mixer noise temperature of 10–40 K. The optimal conversion efficiency was obtained where the bias current microwave response was maximal. The arrays of junctions were rugged, and gave a good impedance match to external circuitry.