Mechanical alterations of rabbit Achilles' tendon after immobilization correlate with bone mineral density but not with magnetic resonance or ultrasound imaging.

[1]  G. Blake,et al.  Bone densitometry and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. , 2001, Seminars in nuclear medicine.

[2]  J. Todd,et al.  Osteoporosis and exercise , 2003, Postgraduate medical journal.

[3]  A. L. Haas,et al.  Achilles Tendon Disorders in Athletes , 2002, The American journal of sports medicine.

[4]  Z. Jaworski,et al.  Effect of long-term immobilisation on the pattern of bone loss in older dogs. , 1980, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[5]  H. Uhthoff,et al.  Comparative anatomy of rabbit and human achilles tendons with magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging. , 2006, Comparative medicine.

[6]  Z. Jaworski,et al.  Reversibility of nontraumatic disuse osteoporosis during its active phase. , 1986, Bone.

[7]  Guy Trudel,et al.  Mechanical effects of immobilization on the Achilles' tendon. , 2003, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[8]  J. Marini,et al.  Increase in rat soleus myotendinous interface after a 14-d spaceflight. , 1998, Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie.

[9]  D. Backman,et al.  Degeneration at the insertion weakens the tensile strength of the supraspinatus tendon: A comparative mechanical and histologic study of the bone‐tendon complex , 1997, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[10]  D. Reid,et al.  Postoperative Rehabilitation Protocols for Achilles Tendon Ruptures: A Meta-analysis , 2006, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[11]  Charles A. Rockwood,et al.  Fractures in adults , 1984 .

[12]  B. Fornage.  Achilles tendon: US examination. , 1986, Radiology.

[13]  F. Kainberger,et al.  Clinical and sonographic evaluation of the risk of rupture in the Achilles tendon , 2004, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.

[14]  A. Natri,et al.  Effects of training, immobilization and remobilization on tendons , 1997, Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.

[15]  S. Woo,et al.  Immobilization of the knee joint alters the mechanical and ultrastructural properties of the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament , 1995, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[16]  H. Aronen,et al.  MR imaging of overuse injuries of the Achilles tendon. , 2000, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[17]  Z. Jaworski,et al.  Bone loss in response to long-term immobilisation. , 1978, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[18]  K Kaneda,et al.  Effects of stress shielding on the mechanical properties of rabbit patellar tendon. , 1993, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[19]  F R Noyes,et al.  Functional Properties of Knee Ligaments and Alterations Induced by Immobilization: A Correlative Biomechanical and Histological Study in Primates , 1977, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[20]  C Krettek,et al.  Healing of the Achilles Tendon: An Experimental Study , 2001, Foot & ankle international.

[21]  W. Gibbon,et al.  Distribution of sonographically detected tendon abnormalities in patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic Achilles tendinosis , 2000, Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU.

[22]  A. Parker,et al.  Immobilization and retraining of cruciate ligaments in the rat. , 1987, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[23]  N. Maffulli.  Rupture of the Achilles Tendon , 2000 .

[24]  H. Weber,et al.  Lesions of the Achilles tendon , 2004, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.

[25]  W. Lillegard,et al.  Handbook of Sports Medicine: A Symptom-Oriented Approach , 1993 .

[26]  S. Woo,et al.  Connective tissue response to immobility , 1975 .

[27]  Nanthan Ramachandran,et al.  Dual cryogenic fixation for mechanical testing of soft musculoskeletal tissues , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[28]  K. Kaneda,et al.  Mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament chronically relaxed by elevation of the tibial insertion , 1996, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[29]  Y. Nakagawa,et al.  Effect of disuse on the ultrastructure of the achilles tendon in rats , 2006, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[30]  R. Lorentzon,et al.  Prolonged Progressive Calcaneal Bone Loss Despite Early Weightbearing Rehabilitation in Patients Surgically Treated for Achilles Tendinosis , 1998, Calcified Tissue International.

[31]  G S Beaupré,et al.  Influence of bone mineral density, age, and strain rate on the failure mode of human Achilles tendons. , 2001, Clinical biomechanics.

[32]  M. Petersen,et al.  Loss of bone mineral of the hip and proximal tibia following rupture of the Achilles tendon , 2003, Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.

[33]  M. V. van Holsbeeck,et al.  Full- versus partial-thickness Achilles tendon tears: sonographic accuracy and characterization in 26 cases with surgical correlation. , 2001, Radiology.

[34]  K. Kaneda,et al.  Biomechanical effects of stress shielding of the rabbit patellar tendon depend on the degree of stress reduction , 1996, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[35]  M. Peat,et al.  The effects of immobilization on the ultrastructure and mechanical properties of the medial collateral ligament of rats. , 1986, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[36]  S L Woo,et al.  The effect of immobilization on collagen turnover in connective tissue: a biochemical-biomechanical correlation. , 1982, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[37]  F. Kainberger,et al.  Degenerative Achilles tendon disease: assessment by magnetic resonance and ultrasonography. , 1992, European journal of radiology.

[38]  R. Balnave,et al.  The effect of position of immobilisation on resting length, resting stiffness, and weight of the soleus muscle of the rabbit , 1993, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[39]  R. Atkins,et al.  Fractures of the tuberosity of the calcaneus. , 2001, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[40]  N. Maffulli.  Current Concepts Review - Rupture of the Achilles Tendon* , 1999 .

[41]  S. Sjöberg,et al.  Imaging in chronic achilles tendinopathy: a comparison of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in 27 histologically verified cases , 1996, Skeletal Radiology.