Explaining operational modal analysis with data from an arch bridge

This tutorial paper aims to introduce the topic of operational modal analysis to non-specialists on the subject. First of all, it is stressed the relevance of this experimental technique particularly in the assessment of important civil infrastructure. Then, after a synthesis of required theoretical background, three of the most powerful algorithms for output-only modal identification are presented. The several steps of these identification procedures are illustrated with the processing of data collected on a concrete arch bridge with a span of 280 m. As the use of operational modal analysis in the context of structural health monitoring is a subject under active research, this theme is also introduced and briefly exemplified with data continuously recorded at the same bridge.

[1]  R. Clough,et al.  Dynamics Of Structures , 1975 .

[2]  Alan V. Oppenheim,et al.  Digital Signal Processing , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[3]  Sun-Yuan Kung,et al.  A new identification and model reduction algorithm via singular value decomposition , 1978 .

[4]  Palle Andersen,et al.  Modal Identification from Ambient Responses using Frequency Domain Decomposition , 2000 .

[5]  Randall J. Allemang,et al.  A Correlation Coefficient for Modal Vector Analysis , 1982 .

[6]  P. Welch.  The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms , 1967 .

[7]  Francisco Millanes Mato,et al.  Infant Henrique Bridge over the River Douro, Porto , 2005 .

[8]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Online automatic identification of the modal parameters of a long span arch bridge , 2009 .

[9]  John E. Mottershead,et al.  Finite Element Model Updating in Structural Dynamics , 1995 .

[10]  Rune Brincker,et al.  Improvement of Frequency Domain Output Only Modal Identification from the Application of the Random Decrement Technique , 2004 .

[11]  Lennart Ljung,et al.  System Identification: Theory for the User , 1987 .

[12]  Christof Devriendt,et al.  The use of transmissibility measurements in output-only modal analysis , 2007 .

[13]  R. Pintelon,et al.  Fast calculation of confidence intervals on parameter estimates of least-squares frequency-domain estimators , 2009 .

[14]  Y. G. Tsuei,et al.  Complex Mode Indication Function and its Applications to Spatial Domain Parameter Estimation , 1988 .

[15]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Studies for controlling human-induced vibration of the Pedro e Ines footbridge, Portugal. Part 1: Assessment of dynamic behaviour , 2010 .

[16]  Thomas G. Carne,et al.  The inception of OMA in the development of modal testing technology for wind turbines , 2010 .

[17]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Operational modal analysis for testing and monitoring of bridges and special structures , 2010 .

[18]  Nuno M. M. Maia,et al.  Theoretical and Experimental Modal Analysis , 1997 .

[19]  J. Juang.  Applied system identification , 1994 .

[20]  Á. Cunha,et al.  Experimental Modal Analysis of Civil Engineering Structures , 2006 .

[21]  Tong Wang,et al.  A frequency–spatial domain decomposition (FSDD) method for operational modal analysis , 2010 .

[22]  Julius S. Bendat,et al.  Engineering Applications of Correlation and Spectral Analysis , 1980 .

[23]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Ambient vibration re-testing and operational modal analysis of the Humber Bridge , 2010 .

[24]  B A Cunha,et al.  The atypical pneumonias: clinical diagnosis and importance , 2006, Clinical Microbiology and Infection.

[25]  D. J. Ewins,et al.  Modal Testing: Theory and Practice , 1984 .

[26]  Carlos E. Ventura,et al.  Damping estimation by frequency domain decomposition , 2001 .

[27]  Rik Pintelon,et al.  Uncertainty bounds on modal parameters obtained from stochastic subspace identification , 2008 .

[28]  Guido De Roeck,et al.  One-year monitoring of the Z24-Bridge : environmental effects versus damage events , 2001 .

[29]  Yozo Fujino,et al.  System identification of suspension bridge from ambient vibration response , 2008 .

[30]  Patrick Guillaume,et al.  Maximum likelihood identification of modal parameters from operational data , 1999 .

[31]  E. Parloo,et al.  SENSITIVITY-BASED OPERATIONAL MODE SHAPE NORMALISATION , 2002 .

[32]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Dynamic monitoring of a long span arch bridge , 2008 .

[33]  Poul Henning Kirkegaard,et al.  Identification of Civil Engineering Structures using Vector ARMA Models , 1998 .

[34]  Poul Henning Kirkegaard,et al.  Special issue on Operational Modal Analysis , 2010 .

[35]  P. Guillaume,et al.  The PolyMAX Frequency-Domain Method: A New Standard for Modal Parameter Estimation? , 2004 .

[36]  Paul Sas,et al.  Modal Analysis Theory and Testing , 2005 .

[37]  Guido De Roeck,et al.  REFERENCE-BASED STOCHASTIC SUBSPACE IDENTIFICATION FOR OUTPUT-ONLY MODAL ANALYSIS , 1999 .

[38]  Shamim N. Pakzad,et al.  Statistical Analysis of Vibration Modes of a Suspension Bridge Using Spatially Dense Wireless Sensor Network , 2009 .

[39]  B. Moor,et al.  Subspace identification for linear systems , 1996 .

[40]  Jer-Nan Juang,et al.  An eigensystem realization algorithm for modal parameter identification and model reduction. [control systems design for large space structures] , 1985 .

[41]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Output-only dynamic testing of bridges and special structures , 2007 .

[42]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Operational modal analysis and finite element model correlation of the Braga Stadium suspended roof , 2008 .

[43]  Palle Andersen,et al.  Applications of Frequency Domain Curve-fitting in the EFDD Technique , 2008 .

[44]  I. R. Stubbs,et al.  Ambient Vibration of Two Suspension Bridges , 1971 .

[45]  Paulo B. Lourenço,et al.  Monitoring historical masonry structures with operational modal analysis: Two case studies , 2007 .

[46]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Damping Estimation Using Free Decays and Ambient Vibration Tests , 2010 .

[47]  Bart Peeters,et al.  System identification and damage detection in civil engineering , 2000 .

[48]  Guido De Roeck,et al.  System identification and modal analysis in structural mechanics , 2012 .