Analogical Modeling Of Language

1. Structuralist Versus Analogical Descriptions.- 2. An Overview of the Book.- 1: Problems with Rule Descriptions of Language.- 1. Three Basic Types of Language Behavior.- 2. Empirical Problems.- 3. Conceptual Problems.- 2: An Analogical Approach.- 1. An Overview of the Analogical Model.- 2. Constructing the Analogical Set for a Given Context.- 3. The Exponential Effect in a Saturated Deterministic Field.- 4. Predicting the Three Basic Behaviors Analogically.- 3: Three Examples from English.- 1. Specifying the Data Set.- 2. Categorical Behavior: The Indefinite Article.- 3. Exceptional/Regular Behavior: Spelling Initial /h/.- 4. Idiosyncratic Behavior: Voicing Onset Time.- 4: Predicting Non-Deterministic Language Variation.- 1. Learning Probabilities.- 2. McClelland and Rumelhart's Connectionist Approach.- 3. Imperfect Memory and Multivariate Predictions.- 4. Rule Approaches to Language Variation.- 5. Sociolinguistic Variation in Arabic.- 5: Analogical Predictions of the Past Tense in Finnish.- 1. An Overview of the Verb Types.- 2. The Past Tense in Standard Finnish.- 3. Variation in the Past Tense.- 4. Properties of an Analogically Predicted Past Tense Form.- 5. Predicting the Past Tense for Infrequent Verbs.- 6. Predicting the Past Tense for Verbs in the Data Set.- 7. Historical Drift of the Past Tense.- 8. A Note on the Historical Development.- 6: Conclusion.- 1. Massively Parallel Processing of Analogical Sets.- 2. A Final Analogy.- References.- Appendix 1: Symbols for the Phonemes of English.- Appendix 2: Data Sets.- 1. The Indefinite Article in English.- 2. Spelling of Initial /h/ in English.- 3. Categorical Determination of /b,p/ in English.- 4. Terms of Address in Colloquial Egyptian Arabic.- 5. Past Tense in Finnish.- Appendix 3: Pascal Program.