Study of the diurnal cycle of stressed vegetation for the improvement of fluorescence remote sensing

Chlorophyll fluorescence (Chf) emission allows estimating the photosynthetic activity of vegetation - a key parameter for the carbon cycle models - in a quite direct way. However, measuring Chf is difficult because it represents a small fraction of the radiance to be measured by the sensor. This paper analyzes the relationship between the solar induced Chf emission and the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in plants under water stress condition. The solar induced fluorescence emission is measured at leaf level by means of three different methodologies. Firstly, an active modulated light fluorometer gives the relative fluorescence yield. Secondly, a quantitative measurement of the Chf signal is derived from the leaf radiance by using the Fraunhofer Line-Discriminator (FLD) principle, which allows the measurement of Chf in the atmospheric absorption bands. Finally, the actual radiance spectrum of the leaf fluorescence emission is measured by a field spectroradiometer using a device that filters out the incident light in the Chf emission spectral range. The diurnal cycle of fluorescence emission has been measured for both healthy and stressed plants in natural and simulated conditions. The main achievements of this work have been: (1) successful radiometric spectral measurement of the solar induced fluorescence; (2) identification of fluorescence behavior under stress conditions; and (3) establishing a relationship between full spectral measurements with the signal provided by the FLD method. These results suggest the best time of the day to maximize signal levels while identifying vegetation stress status.

[1]  Ismael Moya,et al.  A new instrument for passive remote sensing: 2. Measurement of leaf and canopy reflectance changes at 531 nm and their relationship with photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence , 2004 .

[2]  S. Dobrowski,et al.  Steady-state chlorophyll a fluorescence detection from canopy derivative reflectance and double-peak red-edge effects , 2003 .

[3]  L. Alonso,et al.  Remote sensing of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance of Scots pine in the boreal forest during spring recovery , 2005 .

[4]  Ismael Moya,et al.  Photoinactivation of the photosynthetic electron transport chain by accumulation of over-saturating light pulses given to dark adapted pea leaves , 2004, Photosynthesis Research.

[5]  Z. Cerovic,et al.  The Effect of Decreasing Temperature up to Chilling Values on the in vivo F685/F735 Chlorophyll Fluorescence Ratio in Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum: The Role of the Photosystem I Contribution to the 735 nm Fluorescence Band¶ , 2000, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[6]  Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada,et al.  Simple reflectance indices track heat and water stress-induced changes in steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence at the canopy scale , 2005 .

[7]  J. A. Plascyk.  The MK II Fraunhofer Line Discriminator (FLD-II) for Airborne and Orbital Remote Sensing of Solar-Stimulated Luminescence , 1975 .

[8]  J. A. Plascyk,et al.  The Fraunhofer Line Discriminator MKII-An Airborne Instrument for Precise and Standardized Ecological Luminescence Measurement , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[9]  George Papageorgiou,et al.  6 – Chlorophyll Fluorescence: An Intrinsic Probe of Photosynthesis , 1975 .

[10]  L. Gómez-Chova,et al.  Solar induced fluorescence measurements using a field spectroradiometer , 2006 .

[11]  Jihua Wang,et al.  Detecting solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence from field radiance spectra based on the Fraunhofer line principle , 2005, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[12]  Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler,et al.  The Role of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in The Detection of Stress Conditions in Plants , 1988 .

[13]  Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler,et al.  Reflectance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Signatures of Leaves , 1988 .

[14]  Ulrich Schreiber,et al.  Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) Fluorometry and Saturation Pulse Method: An Overview , 2004 .

[15]  H. Lichtenthaler.  Vegetation stress : an introduction to the stress concept in plants , 1996 .

[16]  J. Flexas,et al.  Steady-State and Maximum Chlorophyll Fluorescence Responses to Water Stress in Grapevine Leaves: A New Remote Sensing System , 2000 .

[17]  K Maxwell,et al.  Chlorophyll fluorescence--a practical guide. , 2000, Journal of experimental botany.

[18]  Umberto Del Bello,et al.  Remote sensing of solar-induced fluorescence of vegetation , 2002, SPIE Remote Sensing.

[19]  G. Schmuck,et al.  Application of chlorophyll fluorescence in ecophysiology , 1986, Radiation and environmental biophysics.

[20]  J. Peñuelas,et al.  Assessment of photosynthetic radiation‐use efficiency with spectral reflectance , 1995 .

[21]  Giovanni Agati,et al.  Response of the in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence spectrum to environmental factors and laser excitation wavelength , 1998 .

[22]  Peter Horton,et al.  Studies on the induction of chlorophyll fluorescence in barley protoplasts. I. Factors affecting the observation of oscillations in the yield of chlorophyll fluorescence and the rate of oxygen evolution , 1984, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[23]  Ismael Moya,et al.  Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll Fluorescence: Instrumentation and Analysis , 2004 .

[24]  Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler,et al.  Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence corrected for re-absorption by means of absorption and reflectance measurements , 1998 .

[25]  I. Moyaa,et al.  A new instrument for passive remote sensing : 2 . Measurement of leaf and canopy reflectance changes at 531 nm and their relationship with photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence , 2004 .

[27]  C. Field,et al.  A narrow-waveband spectral index that tracks diurnal changes in photosynthetic efficiency , 1992 .