Community‐based Naloxone: A Canadian Pilot Program

Objectives: This study was designed to gather data on the implementation of community‐based naloxone delivery for opioid overdose in a Canadian setting. Participants: A convenience sample of 50 clients accessing a needle exchange program for harm reduction supplies. Setting: This program took place in an urban Canadian city and was based out of a needle exchange program. Intervention: After written, informed consent was obtained, all participants were trained in overdose recognition, artificial respiration, naloxone administration and emergency medical services (EMS) activation. Outcomes: Most participants were male (30, 60%) and the average age was 45.1 years (±8.6 years). The majority (40, 80%) used opioids either daily (36, 72%) or weekly (4, 8%). Most (39, 78%) had experienced an overdose themselves and the vast majority (46, 92%) had witnessed someone else overdose. over the 20‐month study period, naloxone use was reported nine times. It was most often administered in a private residence (4, 44%). It was administered to another individual in eight cases; one person self‐administered naloxone. Artificial respiration was provided in four cases, and a clean needle and syringe were used in all cases; EMS was activated in only one case. No adverse reactions and no deaths after naloxone use were reported. Conclusions: Community‐based naloxone programs can be implemented in a Canadian setting and have the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with opioid overdose. Significant barriers to activating EMS still exist in this setting.