IEC 61850-Based Communication Layer Modeling for Electric Vehicles: Electric Vehicle Charging and Discharging Processes Based on the International Electrotechnical Commission 61850 Standard and Its Extensions

With the increasing shift toward electric vehicles (EVs) as a means of transportation, their participation in smart grid operations is gaining importance. If not managed properly, charging a large fleet of EVs could lead to detrimental effects on the smart grid's reliability and stability. On the other hand, EVs can support the grid through vehicle-togrid (V2G) operation and help improve frequency stability and maximize energy use from renewable resources. Managing all these cases requires effective coordination, which hinges on communication between different equipment from varying vendors. Therefore, a standardized modeling that lends itself to interoperability is vital.